mt  i.  19.  Itll  Sitbrarg 


North  (Earaltna  Stat?  Imnrrfitlg 

Q,K190 
?6 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  DATE 
INDICATED  BELOW  AND  IS  SUB- 
JECT TO  AN  OVERDUE  FINE  AS 
POSTED  AT  THE  CIRCULATION 
DESK. 


Contributions  to  the  Botany  of  Vermont   IX 


FLORA    OF    BURLINGTON 
AND    VICINITY 


A  list  of  the 


FERN  AND  SEED  PLANTS 


Growing  without  cultivation 


By 

Nellie  F.  Flynn 


burlington : 

Free  Press  Printing  Company, 

1911 


To 

My   Husband 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 


PREFACE 

This  list  was  begun  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  L.  R.  Jones,  for- 
nrierly  of  the  University  of  Vermont,  now  of  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin. It  was  intended  to  be  accompanied  by  an  account  of  the  plant 
geography  and  ecology  of  the  region  by  Dr.  Clifton  D.  Howe.  Since 
the  removal  of  Dr.  Howe  to  Toronto  has  delayed  the  completion  of 
his  surveys*  it  seems  best  to  publish  this  now  as  a  preliminary  list. 
It  is  hoped  that  when  Dr.  Howe's  report  is  completed,  a  revision  of 
this  list  may  be  published  with  it. 

The  list  is  intended  to  include  the  names  of  all  the  fern  and  seed 
plants  which  are  natives  of  or  grow  without  cultivation  in  Burlington 
and  its  vicinity,  including  with  Burlington,  the  towns  of  South  Bur- 
lington, Colchester,  Essex,  Williston  and  Shelburne.  Each  name  has 
an  extant  specimen  back  of  it,  except  in  three  or  four  cases  which 
are  specifically  mentioned.  In  these  cases  we  are  sure  of  the  identity 
of  the  plant  cited.  Except  in  a  few  instances,  specimens  are  in  the 
herbarium  of  the  University  of  Vermont  or  in  the  private  collection 
of  the  author. 

To  stimulate  further  search,  a  supplementary  list  has  been  added 
containing  the  names  of  additional  plants  which  have  been  doubtfully 
reported  for  the  region  or  which  for  reasons  named  should  be  sought 
here.  In  the  case  of  rare  plants,  stations  and  names  of  collectors 
have  been  given.  For  the  sake  of  brevity,  initials  of  collectors'  names 
have  not  been  given  except  where  there  are  two  of  like  name.  In 
order  to  complete  the  records,  the  full  name,  and  present  address  of 
the  living  collectors  where  known,  are  here  given. 


*Dr.  Howe  has  recently  published  certain  of  his  observations  on  the  plant 
geography  of  this  region  entitled  :  The  Reforestation  of  the  Sand  riains  of  Vei-- 
mont.     Botanical  Gazette.  Feb'y,  1910. 


viii  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON    AND  VICINITY 

Rev.  J.  A.  Bates,  South  Royalston,  Mass.;  Hon.  R,  D.  Benedict, 
Burlington;  Lucius  Bigelow,  Burlington;  William  Boott  (specimens 
in  Gray  Herbarium) ;  Dr.  Ezra  Brainerd,  Middlebury,  Vt. ;  Miss  Martha 
Brookes-Brown  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium) ;  C.  E.  Bryant, 
Williston,  Vt.;  Dr.  G.  P.  Burns,  University  of  Vermont,  Burlington; 
H.  B.  Chittenden  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium) ;  H.  J.  Collins, 
West  Lebanon,  N.  H.;  A.  W.  Edson  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M.  Herba- 
rium); W.  W.  Eggleston,  Washington,  D.  C;  Mrs.  N.  F.  Flynn,  Bur- 
lington; Mrs.  G.  I.  Forbes,  Burlington;  Mrs.  E.  F.  Gebhardt,  Shel- 
burne,  Vt.;  C.  M.  Gifford,  Morgantown,  W.  Va.;  A.  H.  Gilbert,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C;  Miss  M.  K.  Goddard,  Lexington,  Mass.;  D.  B.  Griffin, 
Winooski,  Vt.;  Dr.  A.  J.  Grout,  New  Dorp,  N.  Y.;  Mrs.  A.  J.  Grout, 
New  Dorp,  N.  Y.;  Dr.  T.  E.  Hazen,  Barnard  College,  New  York,  N.  Y.; 
J.  P.  Helyer,  University  of  Vermont,  Burlington;  C.  G.  Hinsdale, 
Boston,  Mass.;  Miss  Miriam  Hitchcock,  Pittsford,  Vt. ;  F.  M.  Hollister, 
Tewksbury,  Mass.;  Mrs.  Henry  Holt,  Burlington;  S.  C.  Hood,  Orange 
City,  Fla.;  F.  H.  Horsford,  Charlotte,  Vt. ;  Dr.  C.  D.  Howe,  Toronto 
University,  Toronto,  Can.;  F.  E.  Hubbard,  Keene  Valley,  N.  Y. ;  Dr. 
L.  R.  Jones,  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison;  G.  L.  Kirk,  Rutland, 
Vt.;  W.  F.  Macrae  (specimens  in  Gray  Herbarium);  Miss  Lizzie  Moore, 
Burlington;  Prof.  W.  J.  Morse,  University  of  Maine,  Orono,  Me.;  Wil- 
liam Oakes  (specimens  in  Gray  Herbarium);  W.  A,  Orton,  Washington, 
D.  C;  Prof.  G.  H.  Perkins,  University  of  Vermont,  Burlington;  H.  L. 
Priest  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium)  ;  Dr.  C.  G.  Pringle,  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont,  Burlington;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Richardson,  Burlington; 
Dr.  J.  W.  Robbins  (specimens  in  Gray  Herbarium) ;  P.  A.  Ross  (speci- 
mens in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium);  J.  K.  Shaw,  Amherst,  Mass.;  Dr.  L.  P. 
Sprague,  Chateaugay,  N.  Y.;  R.  R.  Strait,  Franklin,  Vt.;  Prof.  H.  A.  P. 
Torrey  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M,  Herbarium);  Prof.  Joseph  Torrey  (speci- 
mens in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium) ;  Miss  Phoebe  Towle,  Burlington;  C.  C. 
Tracy  (specimens  in  U.  V.  M.  Herbarium);  Mrs.  F.  H.  Walker,  Port- 
land, Ore.;  Rev.  Levi  Wild,  Royalton,  Vt;  Mrs.  W.  H.  Zottman,  Bur- 
lington. 

It  is  a  matter  of  regret,  that  the  older  botanists  who  were  the 
first  collectors  of  this  region,  namely,  Macrae,  Robbins,  Torrey  and 
Benedict,  who  collected  here  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century, 
have  so  few  authenticated  specimens  in  herbaria,  that  due  credit  can- 
not be  given  them.  It  is  hoped  that  anyone  having  such  specimens 
or  those  of  other  collectors  which  are  not  fully  credited,  will  inform 
the   author. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  ix 

The  seventh  edition  of  Gray's  Manual  has  been  followed  strictly 
in  nomenclature,  except  where  for  the  sake  of  brevity,  initials  have 
been  eliminated  or  names  abbreviated,  and  synonyms  have  only  been 
given  where  corrections  have  been  made  since  the  Manual  came  out. 
Common  names  have  been  inserted  freely  as  befitting  the  general  use 
which  may  be  made  of  such  a  list. 

Following  the  usage  of  the  Vermont  Flora,  four  adjectives,  namely, 
"common,"  "frequent,"  "occasional"  and  "rare,"  have  been  adopted 
to  denote  frequency  of  occurrence.  These  are  intended  to  be  asso- 
ciated with  the  habitat — thus,  "sandy  soil,  common,"  means,  common 
on  sandy  soils,  though  it  may  be  rare  in  other  habitats.  The  term 
"rare"  is  used  for  those  plants  which  occur  in  but  few  stations  and 
there  but  sparingly.  When  they  are  abundant  in  such  stations,  the 
word  "local"  has  been  preferred.  The  habitats  given  are  based  on 
personal  observation  where   possible. 

Following  the  common  practice,  small  capitals  have  been  used 
for  names  of  plants  not  native  to  the  region  as  far  as  our  knowledge 
goes.  In  a  few  cases  these  may  be  native  of  some  other  part  of  the 
state,   but  introduced  here. 

This  list  is  necessarily  provisional  and  incomplete,  and  will  have 
served  its  best  purpose  if  it  prepares  the  way  for  a  fuller  one  later. 
To  that  end  it  is  hoped  that  anyone  who  can  give  added  information 
about  the  plants  in  this  list,  or  who  finds  any  additional  species,  will 
let  the  author  know,  and  deposit  specimens  either  with  her  or  in  the 
herbarium  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  Proper  recognition  will  be 
made  of  such  assistance  in  the  proposed  revision. 

My  thanks  are  due  not  only  to  Dr.  L.  R.  Jones  who  has  been  of 
the  greatest  help  and  encouragement,  but  to  Dr.  Ezra  Brainerd,  Mr. 
W,  W.  Eggleston,  Rev.  J.  A.  Bates,  Dr.  T.  E.  Hazen  and  many  others 
for  assistance  given.  Thanks  are  also  due  to  Prof.  M.  L.  Fernald, 
who  has  examined  and  verified  many  doubtful  specimens. 

Nellie  F.   Flvxx. 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Catalogue  of  Flowering  Plants  and  Ferns 1 

Pteridophytes 1 

Spermatophytes f> 

Supplementary  List •  • •  • 94 

Statistical  Summaries  101 

Additions  and  Corrections 103 

Index •  • . . .  104 


Flora  of  Burlington  and  Vicinity 


PTERIDOPHYTA 

Ferns  and  Fern  Allies 


POLYPODIACEAE.     FERN  FAMILY 

ADIANTUM  (Toiirn.)  L.     Maidexiiaik 
A.  pedatum    L.     Rich  moist  woods;  frequent.     July. 

ASPIDIUM    Sw.     Shield   Ferx.     Wood   Fern 
A.  Boottii  Tuck.     Boott's  Shield  Fern.     Wet  thickets  and  about  ponds; 
rare.     July.     Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.)  ;    Essex  and  Colchester,   (Ha- 


zen 


A.   cristatum    (L.)    Sw.      Crested    Shield    Fern.       Moist    thickets    and 
swamps;   occasional.     July. 

A.  cristatum  (L.)  Sw.,  var.  Cliiitoiiiaiiuin  Eaton.     Clinton's  Shield  Fern. 
Swampy  woods;   rare.     July.     Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.). 

A.  Goldiamim  Hook.     Goldie's  Fern.     Rich  woods;    rare.     July.     Shel- 
burne. 

A.  margiiiale   (L.)    Sw.     Marginal  Shield  Fern,  Evergreen  Wood  Fern. 
Rocky  hillsides  in  rich  woods;  common.     July,  Aug. 

A.  uoreboraceiise   (L.)    Sw.     New  York  Fern.     Rich  woods;    common. 
Aug. 

A,  spmulosum  (Muller)  Sw.     Spinulose  Shield  Fern.     Ric-h  woods;  oc- 
casional.    July. 

A.  spiimlosiiiu  (Muller)  Sw.,  var.  intermedium   (Muhl.)   Eaton.     Woods; 
common.     July. 

A.  Tlielypteris   (L.)    Sw.     Marsh   Fern.     Marshes;    common.     Aug. 


2  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

ASPLENIUM  L.     Spleenwort 

A.  acrosticlioides  Sw.  Silvery  Spleenwort.  Rich  woods;  rare.  July, 
Aug.     Shelburne,    (Bates);    Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

A.  aiigustifolium  Michx.  Narrow-leaved  Spleenwort.  Rich  woods;  rare. 
Aug.     Shelburne. 

A.  Filix-femiua  (L.)  Bernh.  Lady  Fern.  Moist  woods;  common  in 
several  different  forms.     July,  Aug. 

A.  platyueuron  (L.)  Oakes.  Ebony  Spleenwort.  Rocky  open  woods; 
occasional.  July.  Aug.  A  form  near  var.  incisum  (Howe)  Rob- 
ins, occurs,  Colchester,    (Griffin). 

A.  Ruta-inuraria  L.  Rue  Spleenwort.  Limestone  cliffs;  occasional. 
July. 

A.  Trichomaues  L.  Maidenhair  Spleenwort.  Shaded  rocks;  occa- 
sional. July.  A  form  near  var.  incisum  Moore  occurs,  Colchester, 
(Griffin). 

CAMPTOSORUS  Link.     Walking  Leaf 

('.  rhizophyllus  (L.)  Link.  Shaded  rocks,  especially  limestone;  occa- 
sional. Aug.  Forms  occur  with  the  fronds  forked  at  the  tip  and 
with  the  auricles  greatly  elongated. 

CRYPTOGRAMMA  R.  Br.     Rock  Brake 
C.    Stelleri    (Gmel.)    Prantl.     Slender    Rock   Brake.      Moist    limestone 
rocks;  rare.     July.     South  Burlington,   (Perkins). 
CYSTOPTERIS  Bernh.     Bladder  Fern 

C.  Imlbifera  (L.)  Bernh.  Common  Bladder  Fern.  Moist  shaded  ra- 
vines; frequent.     July. 

C.  fragilis   (L.)   Bernh.     Fragile  Bladder  Fern.     Rocky  woods  and  ra- 

vines; frequent.     June. 

DICKSONIA  L'Her. 

D.  puiictilobula  (Michx.)  Gray.  Hay-scented  Fern.  Moist  shaded 
places;   occasional.     Aug. 

ONOCLEA  L. 

0.  sensibilis  L.  Sensitive  Fern.  Moist  meadows  and  thickets;  com- 
mon. Sterile  June;  fertile  Sept.  Sports  are  occasional, — the  so- 
called  var.  obtusilobata  (Schkuhr)  Torr.  Burlington,  (Miss  God- 
dard)  ;    South  Burlington,    (Ross). 

0.  Struthiopteris  (L.)  Hoffm.  Ostrich  Fern.  Alluvial  soil;  common. 
Sterile  June;   fertile  Sept. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  3 

PELLAEA  Link.     Cuff  Bhake 

P.  atropiirpurea  (L.)  Link.  Purple  Cliff  Brake.  Limestone  cliffs; 
occasional.     July. 

PHEGOPTERIS  (PresI)  F^e.     Beech  Fern 

P.  Dryopteris   (L.)   Fee.     Oak  Fern.     Moist  woods;   frequent.     July. 

P.    hexag-ouoptera     (Michx.)    Fee.     Broad    Beech    Fern.     Rich    woods; 

rare.     July,    Aug.     Shelburne,    (Jones)  ;    Burlington,    (N.    F.    F.)  ; 

Colchester,  (GrifRn). 

P.  polypodioides  Fee.  Long  Beech  Fern.  Damp  woods;  occasional. 
July. 

POLYPODIUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Polypody 

P.  Tiilg-are    L.     Rocks;  common.     July,  Aug. 

POLYSTICHUM  Roth. 

P.  acrostichoides  (Michx.)  Schott.  Christmas  Fern.  Rocky  woods; 
common.  July.  Var.  Schweinitzii  (Beck)  Small.  (Var.  incisum 
Gray)  Occasional.  A  crisped  form  occurs,  Burlington,  (Mrs. 
Richardson,  Ross);    Colchester,    (GrifRn). 

PTERIS  L.     Brake  or  Bracken 

P.  aquilina  L.     Pastures  and  woodlands;  common.     Aug.     Var.  psei/oo- 
CAUDATA  Clute.     Rare.     Colchester,   (Ross). 
WOODSIA  R.     Br. 

"U.  ilyensis  (L.)  R.  Br.  Rusty  Woodsia.  Exposed  rocks;  occasional. 
July.     Abundant  at  one  station. 

\y.  obtiisa  (Spreng.)  Torr.  Blunt-lobed  Woodsia.  Rocky  banks;  oc- 
casional.    July. 

WOODWARDIA  Sm.     Chaix  Fern 

AV.  yirgiiiica  (L.)  Sm.  Virginia  Chain  Fern.  Wet  swamp,  Colchester. 
(Robbins) .     July. 


OSMUNDACEAE.     FLOWERING  FERN  FAMILY 

OSMUNDA   (Tourn.)   L.     Fixdwering  Fern 

0.  cinnamomea  L.  Cinnamon  Fern.  Wet  woods  and  pastures:  com- 
mon. Fertile  May;  sterile  June.  Variable  in  the  shape  and  cut- 
ting of  the  pinnules.  Var.  incisa  Hunt.  Rare.  Burlington.  (Ross. 
N.  F.  F.)  ;   Colchester,   f  Grifhn) . 


4  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

0.  Claytoiiiaiia  L.  Interrupted  Fern.  Wet  woods  and  pastures;  com- 
mon.    Fertile  May;    sterile  June. 

0,  regralis  L.  Royal  Fern.  Wet  woods  and  swamps;  common.  June. 
Forms  occur  with  the  sterile  fronds  fertile  at  the  tips  and  with  the 
pinnules  incised;    South  Burlington  and  Burlington,    (N.   F.  F.). 

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.     ADDER'S  TONGUE  FAMILY 

BOTRYCHIUM  Sw.     Mooxwort 

15.  laiiceolatuiii  (Gmel.)  Angst.,  var.  angiistisegmeiitiim  Pease  &  Moore. 
Lance-leaved  Grape  Fern.  Cool  open  woods;  rare.  July.  Bur- 
lington,   (Ross). 

B.  ol)Iiquiii»  Muhl.  Grape  Fern.  Moist  sandy  soil;  occasional.  Sept. 
Var.  DissECTUM    (Spreng.)   Clute.     Occasional.     Sept. 

B.  rainosiim  (Roth)  Aschers.  Rich  woods;  rare.  July.  Burlington, 
(Ross);    Colchester,    (Griffin). 

B.  simplex  Hitchc.  Little  Grape  Fern.  Moist  pastures;  rare.  June, 
July.     Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.,  Ross). 

B.  teriiatum  (Thunb.)  Sw.,  var.  intermedium  Eaton.  Ternate  Grape 
Fern.  Sandy  soil;  rare.  Sept.  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.,  Ross).  Var. 
RUTAEFOLiUM  (A.  Br.)  Eaton.     Rare.     Sept.     Burlington,  (Gilbert). 

B.  virgiuiaiium  (L.)  Sw.  Rattlesnake  Fern.  Rich  woods;  frequent  and 
variable   in   size.     June,   July. 

OPHIOGLOSSUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Adder's  Tongue 

0.  vulgatum  L.  Moist  pastures;  rare.  June,  July.  Burlington,  (N. 
F.  F.)  ;   Colchester,   (Ross). 

EQUISETACEAE.     HORSETAIL  FAMILY 

^     EQUISETUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Horsetail 
E.  aryeiise  L.     Common  Horsetail.     Moist  gravelly  soil;  common.    Fer- 
tile Apr.,  May;    sterile  June. 

E.  fluriatile  L.  Pipes.  Shallow  water  with  muddy  bottom;  common. 
Fertile  June;  sterile  July.  A  form  occurs  the  branches  of  which 
bear  numerous  small  spikes;  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

E.  hyemale  L.,  var.  affine  (Engelm.)  Eaton.  Common  Scouring  Rush. 
Moist  gravelly  banks;   common.     May-Sept. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  5 

E.  liyemale  L.,  var.  iiitermedium  Eaton.  Scouring  Rush.  Moist  sandy 
soil;    rare.     May- Aug.     Burlington,    (Howe). 

E.  litorale  Kiihl.  Shore  Horsetail.  Gravelly  shores  of  Lake  Chaniplain; 
rare.     May,  June.     Burlington,    (Grout  and  Jones). 

E.  palustre  L.     Marsh  Horsetail.     Wet  sandy  shore  of  Lake  Chaniplain; 

rare.     June,  July.     Burlington,  (Grout  and  Jones). 
E.  scirpoides  Michx.     Cool  moist  woods;   occasional.     May,  June. 

E.  sylyaticum  L.  Wood  Horsetail.  Moist  shady  places;  frequent.  Fer- 
tile May;    sterile  June. 

E.  Yariegatum  Schleich.  Gravelly  shores  of  Lake  Champlain;  rare. 
May,  June.  Burlington,  (Eggleston  and  Grout,  N.  F.  F.);  Colches- 
ter, (Sprague). 

LYCOPODIACEAE.     CLUB  MOSS  FAMILY 

LYCOPODIUM    (Rupp.)    L.     CLub   Moss 

L.  auiiotiunm  L.  Stiff  Club  Moss.  Cold  woods;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Bur- 
lington,   (Grout). 

L.  clayatuni  L.  Common  Club  Moss.  Dry  woods;  common.  Aug., 
Sept. 

E.  complauatum  L.,  var.  flabelliforme  Fern.  Ground  Pine.  Dry  woods; 
frequent.     Sept. 

L.  iunudatum  L.     Bog  Club  Moss.     In   sphagnum;    rare.     Aug.,   Sept. 

Williston,    (Pringle) ;    South   Burlington,    (Ross) ;    Colchester  and 

Burlington,    (N.   F.  F.). 
L.  lucidnlum  Michx.     Shining  Club  Moss.     Cold  damp  woods;  frequent. 

Sept. 
I.   obsciiriiin   L.     Tree   Club  Moss.     Moist  woods;    rare.     Sept.     South 

Burlington,    (Hood), 
L.  obscurum  L.,  var.  deiidroideum  (Michx.)  Eaton.    Common  Tree  Club 

Moss.     Moist  woods;    common.     Sept. 
L.  tristacbyum  Pursh.     Ground  Pine.     Dry  sandy  soil;  rare.     July,  .\us. 

Colchester  and  Essex,   (Hazen). 


6  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

SELAGINELLACEAE 

SELAGINELLA    Beauv. 
S.  rupestris  (L.)  Spring.     Rock  Selaginella.    Dry  exposed  rocks;  occa- 
sional.    Aug.,  Sept. 


SPERMATOPHYTA 

Seed-Plants,  Phanerogamia,  or  Flowering  Plants 


TAXACEAE.     YEW  FAMILY 

TAXUS    (Toiirn.)    L.     Yew 

T,  canadensis  Marsh.  American  Yew,  Ground  Hemlock.  Moist  banks; 
frequent.     Apr.,  May. 

PINACEAE.     PINE   FAMILY 

ABIES    (Tourn.)   Hill.     Fik 

A..  ])alsamea  (L.)  Mill.  Balsam  or  Balm-of-Gilead  Fir.  Damp  woods; 
rare.  May.  Burlington  and  South  Burlington,  (Hubbard) ;  Essex, 
(Jones). 

JUNIPERUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Juniper 

J.  communis  L.,  var.  depressa  Pursh.     Common  Juniper.     Dry  sterile 

hills;    frequent.     Apr.,  May. 
J.  Tirglniana  L.     Red  Cedar  or  Savin.     Dry  rocky  hills;  frequent.    May. 
LARIX    (Tourn.)    Mill.     Larch 

L.  laricina  (Du  Roi)  Koch.  American  or  Black  Larch,  Tamarack, 
Hackmatack.     Cold  swamps;   common.     May. 

PICE  A  Link.     Spruce 

P.  canadensis  (Mill.)  BSP.  White  or  Cat  Spruce.  A  few  trees  at  one 
station,  Colchester,   (Griffin);  Essex,   (Howe).     May. 

r.  mariana  (Mill.)  BSP.  Bog  or  Black  Spruce.  Sphagnum  swamps; 
common.     May. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  7 

P.  rubra  (Du  Roi)  Dietr.  Red  Spruce.  Frequent  in  deep  ravines  about 
Burlington,  (Howe),  but  rare  elsewhere.  May.  South  Burling- 
ton,  (Hubbard). 

PINUS  (Tourn.)  L.     Pink 

1*.  resinosa  Ait.  Red  or  Norway  Pine.  Dry  woods;  frequent.  May, 
June. 

P.  rig'ida  Mill.     Pitch  Pine.     Barren  sandy  soil;   common.     May,  June. 

P.  Strobus   L.     White   Pine.     Common.     June. 

THUJA  L.     Arbor  Vitae 

T.  occideiitalis  L.  Arbor  Vitae,  White  Cedar.  Swamps  and  rocky  banks; 
common.     Apr.,  May. 

TSUGA   (Endl.)  Carr.     Hemlock 
T.  cauadeusis  (L.)  Carr,     Swamps  and  rocky  woods;  common.     May. 

TYPHACEAE.     CAT=TAIL  FAMILY 

TYPHA  (Tourn.)  L.     Cat-tail  Flag 

T,  angustifolia  L.  Narrow-leaved  Cat-tail.  Marshes;  rare.  July.  Bur- 
lington, (N.  F.  F.);  Colchester,  (Griffin). 

T.  latifolia  L.     Common  Cat-tail.     Marshes;   common.     July. 

SPARGANIACEAE.     BUR=REED  FAMILY 

SPARGANIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Bur-reed 

S.  americauum   Nutt.     Muddy   shores;    rare.     July,  Aug.      Burlington, 

(N.  F.  F.). 

S.  diyersifolmm  Graeb.  Muddy  shores;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Colchester, 
(N.  F.  F.). 

S.  eiirycarpiim  Engelm.  Broad-fruited  Bur-reed.  Borders  of  ponds  ana 
•rivers;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 


8  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

NAJADACEAE.     PONDWEED   FAMILY 

NAJAS  L.     Naiad 

y.  flexilis  (Willd.)  Rostk.  &  Schmidt.  Ponds  and  slow  streams;  com- 
mon.    July-Sept. 

POTAMOGETON    (Tourn.)    L.     Pondweed 

P.  amerioaiiiis  C.  &  S.  Mouth  of  Winooski  River,  (Grout  and  Tracy). 
July,  Aug. 

P.  amplifolius  Tuck.  Large-leaved  Pondweed.  Shelburne  Pond, 
(Jones);   Colchester,    (Griffin).     July,  Aug. 

P.  CRisPus  L.     Malletts  Bay,  (Griffin).     July,  Aug. 

P.  dimorplius  Raf.     Ponds  and  slow  streams;  frequent.     July,  Aug, 

P.  epihydrus  Raf.     Still  or  flowing  water;  frequent.     July,  Aug. 

P.  foliosus  Raf.  Still  or  flowing  water;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Burlington 
and  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.). 

P.  Friesii  Rupr.     Shelburne  Pond,   (Pringle).     Aug.,  Sept. 

P  heteropliyllus  Schreb.  Mouth  of  Winooski  River,  (Grout  and  Tracy, 
Howe);  Malletts  Bay,  (N.  F.  F.).  July,  Aug.  Forma  terrESTris 
Schlecht.     Exsiccated  place,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

I',  uatans  L.  Common  Pondweed.  Shelburne  Pond,  (Jones)  ;  Malletts 
Bay,  (Griffin).     July,  Aug. 

P.  pectinatiis  L.    Malletts  Bay,   (Griffin).     July-Sept. 

P.  perfoliatus  L.  Slow  streams  and  shallow  waters  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;    frequent.     Sept. 

P,  praelougus  Wulf.  Shelburne  Pond,  (Pringle)  ;  Burlington,  (N.  P. 
F.).     July. 

P.  pusillus  L.     Malletts  Bay,  (Griffin).     Aug. 

P.  pusillus  L.,  var.  Sturrockii  Benn.     Malletts  Bay,  (Griffin).     Aug. 

1*.  Bicliardsonii  (Benn.)  Rydb.  Quiet  waters;  occasional.  July,  Aug. 
Malletts  Bay,   (Griffin);   Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

P.  Bobbinsil  Cakes.     Shelburne  Pond,  (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

P.  zosterifolius  Schum.  Shelburne  Pond,  (Grout  and  Tracy,  Jones  1  ; 
Malletts  Bay,    (Griffin).     July,  Aug. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  9 

JUNCAGINACEAE.     ARROW  GRASS  FAMILY 

SCHEUCHZERIA   L. 
S.  palustris  L.     Peat  bogs;   rare.     June.     Colchester,   (Torrey,  Jones). 

ALISMACEAE.     WATER  PLANTAIN  FAMILY 

ALISMA  L.     Water   Plantaips- 

A.  Plantago-aquatica  L.     Swales;  common.     July,  Aug. 

SAGITTARIA  L.     Arrow-head 

S.  graminea  Michx.  Muddy  shores  of  Lake  Champlain  and  Winooskl 
River;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Colchester,  (Perkins,  Griffin);  Burling- 
ton,   (N.  F.  F.). 

S.  lieteropliylla  Pursh.     Low  muddy  shores;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

S.  latifolia  Willd.  Wet  places;  common  and  presenting  many  diiTerent 
forms.     Aug.,  Sept. 

HYDROCHARITACEAE.     FROG'S  BIT  FAMILY 

ELODEA  Michx.     Water-weed 
E.  canadensis  Michx.     Slow  streams  and  ponds;   frequent.     Aug. 

VALLISNERIA    (Mich.)    L.     Tape   Grass.     Eel   Grass 
Y.  spiralis  L.     Slow  water;  frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

GRAMINEAE.     GRASS  FAMILY 

AGROPYRON  Gaertn. 

A.  cauinum  (L.)  Beauv.  Awned  Wheat  Grass.  Ledges  at  Winooskl 
Gorge,  Colchester,   (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

A,  REPENs  (L.)  Beauv.  Couch,  Quitch,  or  Quick  Grass.  Fields:  com- 
mon.    June-Aug. 

A.  tenemm  Vasey.  Slender  Wheat  Grass.  Dry  warm  rocky  woodlands 
and  ledges;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 


10  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

AGROSTIS  L.     Bent  Grass 

A.  alba  L.  Fiorin  or  White  Bent  Grass.  Moist  places;  common  and 
extremely  variable.  Jul3^  Var.  vulgaris  (With.)  Thurb.  Red  Top. 
Fields  and  roadsides;  common.  July.  Variable  and  intergradlng 
with  the  species.  A  stoloniferous  form  (A.  stolonifera  auth.  not  L.) 
occurs  in  lawns,  Burlington,  (Jones).  A  small  form  occurs  in 
cool  pastures,  sometimes  having  flowering  glume  awned;  Burling- 
ton,  (Jones). 

A.  liyemalis  (Walt.)  BSP.  Hair  Grass.  Dry  ditches  and  other  exsic- 
cated places;  common.     June- Aug. 

A.,  pereuuaiis  (Walt.)  Tuck.  Thin  Grass.  Moist  shaded  places;  fre- 
quent.    Aug.,   Sept. 

ALOPECURUS  L.     Foxtail  Grass 

A.  geuiculatus  L.,  var.  aristulatus  Torr.  Floating  Foxtail  Grass.  W^et 
meadows;  occasional.  June,  July.  South  Burlington,  (Hinsdale); 
Burlington  and  Colchester,    (Jones). 

A.  PR.\TENSis  L.  Meadow  Foxtail  Grass.  Introduced  in  fields.  May, 
June.     Burlington,    (Jones). 

ANDROPOGON  (Royen)  L.     Beard  Grass 

A.  furcatus  Muhl.  Forked  Beard  Grass.  Dry  rocky  river  banks;  occa- 
sional.    Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  scoparius  Michx.  Broom  Beard  Grass.  Dry  sterile  soil;  occasional. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

ANTHOXANTHUM  L.     SwEET  Vernal  Grass 

A.  ODORATUM  L.     Old  meadows  and  roadsides;  occasional.     May- July. 

ARISTIDA   L.     TriplE-awned   Grass 

A.  dicbotoma  Michx.  Poverty  Grass.  Sterile  gravelly  soil;  rare.  Aug., 
Sept.     Essex,   (N.  F.  F.). 

ARRHENATHERUM   Beauv.     Oat   Grass 

A.  ELATius   (L.)  Beauv.     Tall  Oat  Grass.     Meadows;   rare.     June,  July. 

Burlington,    (Jones). 

BRACHYELYTRUM  Beauv. 

B.  erectuiH    (Schreb.)    Beauv.     Moist   shaded  places;    frequent.      July, 

Aug. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  H 

BROMUS  L.     Brome  Grass 

B,  ciliatus  L.     Wood  Chess.     Moist  thickets;  common.     July,  Aug. 
B.  iNKRMis  Leyss.     Hungarian  Brome  Grass.     Adventive  in  meadows, 
Experiment  Farm,  Burlington,  (Orton);  Colchester,  (Griffin).   July. 
Be  Kalmii  Gray.     Wild  Chess.    Dry  woodlands;  occasional.    June,  July. 
B.  purgaiis  L.     Thickets;  frequent.     July,  Aug. 

B.  sECALiNus  L.     Cheat  or  Chess.     Fields  and  waste  places;  occasional. 

June-Aug. 

CALAMAGROSTIS  Adans.     Reed  Bent  Grass 

C.  canadensis    (Michx.)    Beauv.     Blue-joint  Grass.     Marshes  and  wet 

places;  common.     June,  July. 

CENCHRUS   L.     Sandbur.     Blr   Grass 

C.  CAROuxiANus  Walt.  Dry  sandy  soil;  local.  Aug.,  Sept.  Colchester 
and  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.) ;  Essex,  (Griffin).  Evidently  a  recent 
introduction. 

CINNA  L.     Wood  Reed  Grass 

C.  aruudinacea  L.  Wood  Reed  Grass.  Moist  woods;  rare.  Aug., 
Sept.     South    Burlington,    (Jones). 

C.  latifolia  (Trev.)  Griseb.     Slender  Wood.  Reed  Grass.     Moist  woods; 

rare.     Aug.,  Sept.     Burlington,    (N.  F.  F,). 

DACTYLIS  L.     Orchard  Grass 

D.  GLOMERATA  L.     Fields,  generally  in  partial   shade;    common.     June, 

July.     A  proliferous   form   occurs,   Burlington,    (Jones,   Morse). 

DANTHOXIA  DC.     Wn.n  Oat  Gras^^ 

D.  compressa  Aust.  Dry  woods;  rare.  June,  July.  South  1  Turling- 
ton,  (Jones). 

D.  spicata  (L.)  Beauv.  Common  Wild  Oat  Grass.  Dry  sterile  soil; 
common.     June,  July. 

DESCHAMPSIA  Beauv. 

D.  flexuosa  (L.)  Trin.  Common  Hair  Grass.  Dry  places;  common. 
June,  July. 


12  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

DIGITARIA  Scop.     Finger  Grass 

J),  HUMIFUSA  Pers.  Small  Crab  Grass.  Occasional  in  sandy  fields,  more 
frequent  as  a  lawn  weed.     Aug.,  Sept. 

D.  SANGUiNALis   (L.)    Scop.     Large  Crab  Grass.     Cultivated  fields  and 

waste  places;   common.     Aug.,  Sept. 

ECHINOCHLOA  Beauv. 

E.  CRuSGAivU  (L.)  Beauv.     Barnyard  Grass.    Moist  ground,  waste  places, 

etc.;   common.     Aug.-Oct.     Presenting  many  differing  forms;   viz.: 
long  awned,  short  awned,  semi-prostrate,  erect,  etc. 

ELYMUS  L.     Wild  Rye.     Lyme  Grass 

E.  eanadeusis  L.  Nodding  Wild  Rye.  Low  thickets  and  river  banks; 
common.  July,  Aug.  Var.  glaucieolius  (Muhl.)  Gray.  Dry  banks; 
occasional.     July,  Aug. 

E.  robustus  Scribn.  &  Sm.     Burlington,  (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

:E.  striatus  Willd.  Slender  Wild  Rye.  Ledges  of  Winooski  River, 
(Pringle).     July,  Aug. 

E,  Tirgiiiicus  L.  Wild  Rye.  Moist  thickets  of  river  banks;  frequent. 
July,  Aug. 

ERAGROSTIS   Beauv. 

E,  Iiypnoides  (Lam.)  BSP.  Creeping  Eragrostis.  Gravelly  or  sandy 
shores;  frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

E,  megastachya  (Koeler)  Link.  Strong-scented  Eragrostis.  Waste 
places;   becoming  frequent.     July-Sept. 

E.  piEOSA    (L.)    Beauv.     Sandy   soil,   especially   along  railroads;    rare. 

July-Sept.     Burlington,    (Priest,  N.   F.  F.). 

FESTUCA  L.     FESCUE  Grass 

F.  eeatior  L.     Taller   or  Meadow   Fescue.      Meadows   and   roadsides; 

common.     June,   July. 

F.  nutans  Spreng.  Nodding  Fescue.  Rocky  woods;  frequent.  June, 
July. 

F,  oviNA  L.  Sheep's  Fescue.  Introduced  in  lawn,  South  Burlington, 
(Jones).     June,  July. 

F.  rubra  L.  Red  Fescue.  Rocky  or  sandy  shores  of  Lake  Champlain; 
occasional.  June,  July.  Var.  subvielosa  Mert.  &  Koch.  Adventlve 
in  lawn.  South  Burlington,   (Jones).     July. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  !;{ 

GLYCERIA  R.     Br.     Manx  a  Grass 

G.  borealis  (Nash)  Batch.  Floating  Manna  Grass.  Wet  places  or  in 
shallow  water;   frequent.     June-Aiig. 

0,  canadensis  (Michx.)  Trin.  Rattlesnake  Grass.  Wet  places;  com- 
mon.    July. 

G-  g-raudis  Wats.     Reed  Meadow  Grass.     Wet  soil;   common.     July. 

G,  ueryata  (Willd.)  Trin.  Manna  Grass.  Wet  meadows;  common. 
June,  July. 

G,  pallida  (Torr.)  Trin.  Pale  Manna  Grass.  Shallow  water  or  wet 
soil;  occasional.     June-Aug. 

G.  Torreyaua  (Spreng.)  Hitchc.     Wet  woods;  occasional.    July,  Aug. 

HIEROCHLOE    (Gmel.)    R.   Br.     Holy  Grass 

H.  odorata  (L.)  Wahlenb.  Vanilla  or  Seneca  Grass.  Moist  meadows; 
occasional.     May,   June. 

HORDEUM   (Tourn.)    L.     Barley 

H,  aegiceras  Nees.  Egyptian  Barley.  Adventive  in  railroad  yards,  Bur- 
lington,  (Jones,  N.  F.  F.).     July,  Aug. 

II.  JUBATUM  L.  Squirrel-tail  Grass.  Waste  ground;  occasional.  June- 
Aug. 

HYSTRIX  Moench.     BottlE-brush   Grass 

IL  patula  Moench.     Moist  woods;   occasional.     June,  July. 

LEERSIA  Sw.     Cut-grass.     White  Grass 

L,  oryzoides   (L.)   Sw.     Rice  Cut-grass.     Wet  places;   frequent.     Aug., 

Sept. 
L.  Tirginica  Willd.     White  Grass.     Wet  woods;    occasional.     Aug. 

LOLIUM  L.     Darnel 

L,  PERENNE  L.  Common  Darnel,  Perennial  Ray  or  Rye  Grass.  Ad- 
ventive by  roadsides  and  in  meadows;  occasional.     June.  July. 

L,  TEMULENTUM  L.  Bearded  Darnel.  Adventive  in  fields:  rare.  June, 
July.     Essex,   (Wild);   Burlington,   (Jones). 

MELICA  L.     MELic  Grass 

M.  striata  (Michx.)  Hitchc.  Purple  Oat.  Rocky  woods;  frequent.  May. 
June. 


14  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

MUHLENBERGIA   Schreb. 

M.  mexicaua   (L.)   Trin.     Meadow  Muhlenbergia.     Moist  meadows  ana 

banks;  common.     Aug.,  Sept.     Variable. 
M.   racemosa    (Michx.)    BSP.     Marsh   Muhlenbergia.     Wet    rocks    and 

marshy  places;   frequent  and  variable.     Aug.,  Sept. 

31.  Sclireberi  Gmel.     Drop-seed,  Nimble  Will.    In  shaded  yard,  Burling- 
ton,   (Jones).     Aug.,  Sept. 

3f.  teiiuiflora    (Willd.)    BSP.     Slender   Muhlenbergia.      Rocky   woods; 
rare.     Aug.,  Sept.     Colchester,    (Jones). 

ORYZOPSIS  Michx.     Mountain   Rice 

0.  asperifolia  Michx.     White-grained  Mountain  Rice.     Woods;' common. 
June. 

0,.  pung-eus  (Torr.)  Hitchc.     Slender  Mountain  Rice.     Dry  sandy  soil; 
frequent.     Apr.,  May. 

0,  racemosa  (Sm.)  Ricker.    Black-fruited  Mountain  Rice.   Rocky  woods; 
frequent.     July,  Aug. 

PANICUM  L.     Panic  Grass 

P.  barbnlatum  Michx.     Rocky  woods  and  hillsides;    rare.     July.     Col- 
chester,  (Jones). 

P.   capillare   L.     Old-witch   Grass.     A   common   weed   in   sandy   fields. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  claiidestimim  L.     Moist  thickets;    frequent.     June,  July. 

P,  depauperatum  Muhl.     Dry  woods  and  fields;  occasional.     June- Aug. 

P.  dichotomum  L.     Woods;   rare.     June,  July.     Burlington,   (Jones). 

P.  Iiuachncae  Ashe.     Open  ground;   frequent.     June,  July. 

P.  hnaclmcae  Ashe,  var.  sihicola  Hitchc.  &  Chase.    Woods;  occasional. 
June,   July. 

P.  iinplicatiim  Scribn.     Wet  meadows;  frequent.     June,  July. 

P.  latifolium  L.     Woodlands;   frequent.     June,  July. 

P.  miliaceum   L.     European  Millet.     Waste   places;    rare.      July,   Aug. 
Burlington,   (Brainerd,  Jones). 

P.  subTillosum  Ashe.     Dry  woods  and  sandy  ground.     June,  July.    Bur- 
lington,  (Jones). 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  15 

r.  teimesseeuse  Ashe.  Moist  ground;  rare.  .lune,  July.  UmiiiiKl-on. 
(N.   F.   F.). 

P.  tsugetorum  Nash.     Sandy  soil;  frequent.     June,  July. 

P.  IVerueri  Scribn.  Sterile  woods  and  knolls;  rare.  June-AuR.  liur- 
lington  and  Colchester,    (Jones). 

P.  xautliophysuiii  Gray.  Dry  sandy  soil;  frequent.  July,  Aug.  A 
broad-leaved   form  occurs,   Burlington,    (Jones). 

PHALARIS  L.     Canary  Grass 

P.  aruudiiiacea  L.  Reed  Canary  Grass.  Wet  grounds;  occasional. 
June,  July.  Var.  picta  L.  Ribbon  Grass.  Persistent  in  old  gar- 
dens and  an  occasional  escape  to  roadsides.     July. 

P.  CANARiENSis  L.  Canary  Grass.  Waste  places;  occasional,  but  prob- 
ably only  as  seed  is  scattered  from  bird  cages.     June-Sept. 

PHLEUM   L. 

P.  PRATENSE  L.  Timothy,  Herd's  Grass.  Meadows;  common.  June. 
July.  Proliferous  forms  and  plants  bearing  bulblets  in  the  upper 
leaf  axils  occur,  Burlington,  (Jones).     (See  Vt.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull.  ')=/> 

PHRAGMITES  Trin.     Reed 

P.  commuuis  Trin.  Wild  Broom  Corn.  Swampy  margins  of  ponds  ana 
lakes;    occasional.     Aug.,   Sept. 

POA  L.     MEADOW  Grass.     Spear  Grass 

P.  alsodes  Gray.     Grove  Spear  Grass.     Moist  woods;    frequent.     May, 

June. 
P,  annua  L.     Low  Spear  Grass.     Waysides  and  fields;  common.     Apr.- 

Sept. 
P.  COMPRESSA  L.     Canada  Blue  Grass,  Wire  Grass.    Dry  fields  and  wood- 
lands;  common.     May-Sept. 
P.  debilis  Torr.     Weak  Spear  Grass.     Dry  rocky  woodlands:    fretiuent. 

May,  June. 
P.  nemoralis  L.     Rocky  woodlands;   occasional.     June-Sept. 
P.  pratensis  L.     June  Grass,  Spear  Grass,  Kentucky  Blur  (Jrass.    Fields 

and  meadows;   common.     May,  June. 
P.  triflora  Gilib.     Fowl  Meadow  Grass.    Wet  soil;  common.     July.  Aup. 

The  form  known  in  Europe  as  P.  kektims  Reich,  occurs.  Burlini;- 

ton,   (Jones),  probably  introduced. 


16  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

SETARIA  Beauv.     Bristly  Foxtail  Grass 

S.  GLAUCA  (L.)  Beauv.  Yellow  Foxtail,  Pigeon  Grass.  Cultivatea 
grounds  and  waste  places;    common.     July-Sept. 

S.  iTALiCA  (L.)  Beauv.  Millet,  German  Millet,  Hungarian  Grass.  Occa- 
sionally spontaneous  in  cultivated  ground.     Aug.,  Sept. 

S.  vERTiciLLATA  (L.)  Beauv.  Rough  Foxtail  Grass.  Persistent  in  old 
garden,  Burlington,  (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

S.  viRiDis  (L.)  Beauv.  Green  Foxtail,  Bottle  Grass.  Cultivated  grounds 
and  waste  places;  common.     July-Sept. 

SORGHASTRUM  Nash. 

S.  nutans  (L.)  Nash.  Indian  Grass,  Wood  Grass.  Dry  sandy  soil;  occa- 
sional.    Aug.,  Sept. 

'  SPARTINA  Schreb.     Cord  or  Marsh  Grass 

S.  Micliauxiaua  Hitchc.  Slough  Grass.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain  and 
its  tributaries;  frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

SPHENOPHOLIS  Scribn. 

S.  nitida  (Spreng.)  Scribn.  Woods;  rare.  June.  Colchester,  (Tor- 
rey), 

S.  pallens    (Spreng.)    Scribn.     Marshes;    occasional.     June,  July. 

SPOROBOLUS  R.  Br.     Drop-seed.     Rush   Grass 

S.  Taginiflorus  (Torr.)  Wood.     Dry  soil;  occasional  and  variable.    Sept. 

TRISETUM    Pers. 

T.  melicoides  (Michx.)  Vasey.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  majus  (Gray) 
Hitchc.  Rocky  banks  of  Winooski  River,  Colchester  and  Willis- 
ton,   (Pringle) ;   Essex,   (Jones).     July. 

T.  spicatnm  (L.)  Richter.  Narrow  False  Oat.  Rocky  banks;  occa- 
sional.    June. 

ZIZANIA    (Gronov.)    L.     Water  or  Indian   Rice 

Z.  aquatica  L.  Wild  Rice,  Water  Oats.  In  shallow  water;  occasional. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

HoRDEUM  sativum  Jesseu,  Barley,  SecalE  cereale  L.,  Rye,  Triticum 
SATIVUM  Lam.,  Wheat  and  Zea  Mays  L.,  Indian  Corn  are  occasional 
in  waste  places. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  17 

CYPERACEAE.     SEDGE  FAMILY 

CAREX   (Rupp.)   L.     Sedge 

C.  albicans  Willd.     Dry  shady  ledges;   common.     June,  July. 

C.  alopeeoidea  Tuckerm.     Wet  meadows;   rare.     June,  July,     liurllng- 
ton,    (Hazen). 

C.  arctata   Boott.     Moist  woodlands;    common.     May,   June. 

C.  aiirea  Nutt.     Moist  meadows  and  springy  banks;    frequent.     June, 
July. 

C.  Bebbii  Olney.     Low   ground;    rare.     June,   July.     Burlington,    (Ha- 
zen). 

€.  bromoides  Schkuhr.     Bogs  and  swamps;  frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  bruimescens  Poir.     Open  woods  and  dry  rocky  banks;   rare.     June, 
July.     Colchester,    (Griffin). 

C.  cauescens  L.,  var,  disjuiicta  Fern.     Wet  places;   occasional.     June, 
July. 

C.   castanea   Wahlenb,     Low   meadows;    rare.     June,    July.     Williston, 

(N.  F.  F.). 
C.    cephaloidea    Dewey.    Moist   woodlands;    rare.     June,    July.     South 

Burlington,    (Hazen). 
C.  ceplialophora  Muhl.     Dry  woods;    frequent.     June,  July. 
C.  cliordorrliiza  L.  f.     Cold  bogs;  rare.     June,  July.     Colchester,  (Jones. 

Grout). 
C,  communis  Bailey.     Dry  open  woods;   common.     May,  June. 
C.  comosa  Boott.     Swamps;   occasional.     June,  July. 
C.  conoidea  Schkuhr.     Moist  grassy  places;   occasional.     June.  July. 
C.    Crawfordii    Fern,     Open    sterile    soil;     frequent.     June-Aug.     Var. 

viGENS  Fern.     Burlington,    (Hazen).     July. 
C.  crinita  Lam.     Swales  and  along  brooks;   common.     June.  July. 
C.  crinita  Lam.,  var.   gynandra    (Schwein.)    Schwein.   c^-   Torr.     Same 

situations  as  the  type;   frequent.     June,  July. 
C.   crinita    Lam.,   var.    minor   Boott.     Rare.     June,    July.     Burlington, 

(Hazen). 
C.  cristata  Schwein.     Wet  grounds;  occasional.     June.  July. 


18  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

C.  deljilis  Michx.,  var.  Rudgei  Bailey.     Moist  sterile  soil;   rare.     June, 

July.     Colchester,    (Hazen). 
C.  Deweyaiia  Schwein.     Dry  woodlands;    common.     June,  July. 

C.  diaiidra  Schrank.  Bogs;  rare.  June,  July.  South  Burlington,  (Ha- 
zen). 

C.  digitalis  Willd.  Dry  open  woods;  rare.  June,  July.  Burlington, 
(Hazen). 

C.  eburuea  Boott.     Dry  shaded  limestone;   common.     May- July. 

C.  festucacea  Schkuhr.  Dry  or  rocky  soil;  rare.  June,  July.  Burling- 
ton,  (N.  F.  F.). 

C".-  filiformis  L.     Bogs  and  shallow  water;   occasional.     June,  July. 

C.  flaya  L.     Damp  places;   rare.     June,  July.     Williston,   (N,  F.  F.). 

C.  foeuea  Willd.  Dry  woods  and  banks;  rare.  July.  Colchester, 
(Griffin). 

0.  folliculata  L.     Wet  woods;  rare.     June-Aug.     Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.). 

C.  formosa  Dewey.     Moist  meadows;  rare.    June.    Shelburne,  (N.  F.  F). 

C.  gracillima  Schwein.     Low  meadows;    common.     June,  July. 

C.  grauularis  Muhl.     Moist  meadows;  common.     June,  July. 

C.  graimlaris  Muhl.,  var.  Haleaiia  (Olney)  Porter.  Burlington,  (Ha- 
zen).    June,  July. 

r.  grisea  Wahlenb.  Low  meadows;  rare.  June.  South  Burlington, 
(X.    F.    F.). 

C.  Houglitoiiii  Torr.  Dry  sandy  banks;  rare.  June,  July.  Burling- 
ton,   (N.    F.    F.). 

C.  liysterieiiia  Muhl.     Swales;    common.     June,  July. 

V.  iutumesceiis  Rudge.  Swamps  and  wet  woods;  occasional.  June- 
Aug. 

C.  iiitnmeseeus  Rudge,  var.  Ferualdii  Bailey.  Same  situations  as  the 
type;    occasional.     June-Aug. 

C.  laxitlora  Lam.     Rich  woods  and  meadows;   occasional.     May,  June. 

C.  laxiflora  Lam.,  var.  patiilifolia  (Dewey)  Carey.  Burlington,  (Jones). 
May,   June. 

€.  leiiticularis  Michx.  Gravelly  or  sandy  shores;  rare.  June-Aug. 
Shelburne,    (Pringle). 

C.  leptalea  Wahlenb.     Bogs  and  wet  meadows;  occasional.     June,  Julv. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  19 

C.  liiuosa  L.  Bogs;  rare.  June,  July.  Colchester  anrl  South  Bur- 
lington,   (Hazen). 

C.  loiigirostris  Torr.  Rocky  woods;  rare.  May,  June.  South  Bur- 
lington,  (Jones  and  Hazen);   Colchester,   (Griffin). 

C.   liipuliforiiiis    Sartw,     Marshes   along   Lake   Champlain;    occasional. 

July,   Aug. 
C.  lupiiliiia  Muhl.     Swamps  and  ditches;    common.     July,  Aug. 

C.  lupuliua  Muhl.,  var.  i)e(liiiiouhit.a  Dewey.  Swamps;  rare.  July,  Aug. 
Burlington,    (Hazen). 

C.  lurida  Wahlenb.     Wet  meadows;    common.     July,  Aug.     Very  vari- 
able. 
C.  mirabilis  Dewey.     Moist  shady  places;    occasional.     June,  July. 

C,  3Iuhleiil)ergii  Schkuhr.  Dry  sandy  soil;  rare.  June,  July.  Col- 
chester,   (Brainerd  and  Hazen). 

i.  Oederi  Retz.,  var.  pumila  (Coss.  &  Germ.)  Fern.  Shore  of  Lake 
Champlain,   Shelburne,    (Ross).     June,  July. 

C.  pallesceus  L.     Low  meadows;    common.     June.  July. 

C.  pauciflora  Lightf.  Cold  bogs;  rare.  June,  July.  Colchester,  (Ha- 
zen). 

r.  paupercula  Michx.,  var.  irrig"iia  (Wahlenb.)  Fern.  Cold  bogs;  occa- 
sional.    June-Aug. 

C.  pedunciilata   Muhl.     Rich   woods;    frequent.     May. 

C,  peiinjsylvaiiica  Lam.     Dry  sandy  soil;   common.     May,  June. 

C.  peuusylvauiea  Lam.,  var.  liicorum  (Willd.)  Fern.  Richer  damper 
soil  than  the  type.     May,  June.     Burlington,   (Brainerd). 

C.  plaiitag'iiiea   Lam.     Rich   woods;    frequent.     May. 

C.  platyplijila  Carey.     Shady  banks;    common.     May,  June. 

C.  prasiiia  W^ahlenb.     Springy  bogs  in  woods;  occasional.     June,  July. 

C,  piibescens  Muhl.  Copses  and  rich  woods;  rare.  May.  June.  Soutn 
Burlington,    (Shaw). 

C,   retrorsa    Schwein.     Swamps;    common.     June,    July. 

C.  riparia  Curtis.     Swales;    occasional.     June.   July. 

C.  rosea  Schkuhr.     Dry  open  woods;   frequent.     June.  July. 

C,  rostrata  Stokes,  var.  iitriciilata  (Boott)  Bailey.  Wet  swamps:  occa- 
sional.    June,  July. 


20  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

C.  scabrata  Schwein.     Springy  bogs  in  woods;    frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  scirpoides   Schkuhr.     Boggy  meadows;    frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  scoparia  Schkuhr.  Low  grounds;  common.  June,  July.  Var.  con- 
DENSA  Fern.  Colchester,  (Hazen).  June,  July.  Var.  moniliformis 
Tuck.     Burlington,    (Hazen).     June,  July. 

C.  siccata  Dewey.  Sandy  shore  of  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  June,  July. 
Burlington,    (Hazen). 

C.  sparganioides  Muhl.     Rich  woods;    occasional.     June,  July. 

C.  stellulata  Good.     Low  open  ground;    frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  stellulata  Good.,  var.  augustata  Carey.  Wet  ground;  rare.  June, 
July.     South  Burlington,    (X.   F.   F.). 

C.  stellulata  Good.,  var.  excelsior  (Bailey)  Fern.  Low  open  ground; 
frequent.     June,   July. 

C.  stipata  Muhl.     Swales;   common.     June,  July. 

C.  stramiuea  Willd.     Dryish  copses  and  fields;   frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  stramiuea  Willd.,  var.  echinodes  Fern.  Moist  sandy  soil,  Burling- 
ton,   (Brainerd).     July. 

C.  stricta  Lam.     Swales  and  marshes;   frequent.     June,  July. 

Cw  tenella  Schkuhr.     Cold  swamps;   occasional.     May,  June. 

C.  tenuiflora  Wahlenb.  Bogs;  rare.  June,  July.  Burlington,  (Rob- 
bins). 

C.  torta  Boott.     By  streams;    rare.     June.     Colchester,    (Griffin). 

C,  tribuloides  Wahlenb.     Open   swales;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 

C.  tribuloides  Wahlenb.,  var.  reducta  Bailey.  Moist  copses;  frequent. 
July,  Aug. 

C.  trisperma  Dewey.     Cold  bogs  in  shade;  occasional.     June,  July. 

C.  Tuckermani  Dewey.     Swales  and  marshes;  frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  typliinoides  Schwein.  (C.  typhina  Michx.)  Low  margin  of  Lake 
Champlain,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     July,  Aug. 

C.  umbellata  Schkuhr.     Dry  sandy  soil;   occasional.     May,  June. 
C.   varia   Muhl.     Dry   woods;    rare.     May,    June.     Colchester,    (Brain- 
erd and  Jones);   Burlington,   (Pringle). 

C.  Tesicaria  L.  Two  forms  occur.  Var.  jejuna  Fern.  Swales;  rare. 
June,  July.  Burlington,  (Hazen).  Var.  monile  (Tuck.)  Fern. 
Swales;    common.     June,   July. 


FLORA   OP   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  21 

C.  Yulpiiioidea  Michx.     Moist   pastures;    common.     June,    .Jul\. 

CYPERUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Gamnm.ai.k 

C.  aristatus  Rottb.  Awned  Cyperus.  Wet  sandy  soil;  frequent.  Aug., 
Sept. 

C.  deiitatus  Torr.  Sandy  shores  of  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  Aug.,  Sept. 
Shelburne,  (Pringle)  ;  Burlington  and  Colchester,  (X.  F.  F.). 
Spikelets  often  abortive  and  changed  into  leafy  tufts. 

C.  esculeiitus  L.  Yellow  Nut  Grass.  Lake  shore  and  river  banks; 
occasional.     Aug.,   Sept. 

C.  filiculinis  Vahl,  var.  macileutus  Fern.  Dry  sandy  soil;  common. 
July,  Aug. 

C.  Hou^litoiiii  Torr.  On  dry  shifting  sand,  Colchester,  (N.  F.  F.). 
Aug.,  Sept. 

C.  riTularis  Kunth.  Shining  Cyperus.  Lake  shore  and  river  banks; 
frequent.     Aug.,   Sept. 

C.  strigosus  L.     Straw-colored  Cyperus.     Moist  soil;    frequent.     July- 

Sept. 

DULICHIUM   Pers. 

D.  aruudiuaceum   (L.)   Britton.     Borders  of  ponds;   occasional.     July- 

Sept. 

ELEOCHARIS    R.    Br.     Spike   Rush 

E.  acicularis    (L.)    R.   &   S.     Muddy   shores   below   high   water   mark; 

common.     July-Sept. 

E.  dlaudra  Wright.  Wet  sands  of  Winooski  River;  rare.  Sept.,  Oct. 
Burlington,    (Brainerd,  N.   F.  F.). 

E,  iutermedia  (Muhl.)  Schultes.  Bank  of  Winooski  River,  Burling- 
ton,   (Brainerd,  N.   F.  F.).     Sept.,  Oct. 

E.  obtusa    (Willd.)    Schultes.     Muddy  places;    common.     .July-Sept. 

E.  palustris  (L.)  R.  &  S.  Wet  ground;  frequent.  June-Aug.  Var. 
GLAUCESCENS  (Willd.)  Gray.  Moist  grassy  places;  frequent.  July. 
Aug.  Var.  vigens  Bailey.  (Var.  major  Sonder)  Mouth  of  Wi- 
nooski River,   (Grout,  Brainerd).     July,  Aug. 

E.  tenuis  (Willd.)  Schultes.  Wet  meadows;  rare.  June-Aug.  South 
Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 


22  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

ERIOPHORUM  L.     Cotton  Grass 

E.  callitrix  Cham.     Hare's  Tail.     Peat  bogs;   frequent.     May,  June. 
E.  tenellum  Nutt.     Swamps  and   bogs;    rare.     July,  Aug.     Colchester, 

(N.   F.   F.). 
E.  Tirgiuicum   L.     Cotton   Grass.     Bogs   and   wet  meadows;    common. 

Aug.,  Sept. 
E.  Tiridi-carinatum   (Engelm.)   Fern.     Bogs;   frequent.     June,  July. 

RYNCHOSPORA  Vahl.     Beak  Rush 

R.  alba   (L.)  Vahl.     White  Beak  Rush.     Bogs;   frequent.     July-Sept. 

R.  fusca  (L.)  Ait.  f.     Brown  Beak  Rush.     Burlington,  (Torrey).     July- 
Sept.     One  specimen  in  U.  V.  M.  Herb. 

SCIRPUS  (Tourn.)  L.     Bulrush  or  Club  Rush 

S,  americauus  Pers.   Chair-maker's  Rush.     Sandy  shores  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;   frequent.     July-Sept. 

S.  atrociuctiis  Fern.     Wet  meadows;    occasional.     July.     Var.  brack y- 
PODus  Fern.     Rare.     July.     Colchester,    (N.   F.   F.). 

S.  atroTireiis  Muhl.     Moist  meadows;    common.     July,   Aug. 

S.  cyperinus  (L.)  Kunth.     Wool  Grass.     Wet  meadows;  common.    Aug., 
Sept. 

S.  fluviatilis  (Torr.)  Gray.       River  Bulrush.     Marshy  borders  of  bays 
and  tributaries  of  Lake  Champlain;  occasional.     July-Sept. 

S.  georgianus   Harper.     Moist   meadows;    frequent.     July,   Aug.     Pro- 
liferous forms  occur,  Burlington  and  Colchester,   (N.  F,  F.). 

S.  lieterochaetus  Chase.     Sheltered  shores;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 

S.  pedicellatus  Fern.     Swales;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 

S.  rubrotinctus  Fern.     Wet  meadows;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 

S.  Smitliii  Gray.     Shores  of  Lake  Champlain.     Aug.     Abundant  at  onu 
station,  Burlington,  (Grout  and  Tracy). 

S.  Talidus  Vahl.     Great  Bulrush.     In  shallow  water;    frequent.     July, 
Aug. 


FLORA  OP  BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  23 

ARACEAE.     ARUM  FAMILY 

ACORUS  L.     Sweet  Feag.     Caeamus 
A.  Calamus  L.     Marshes;    common.     June. 

ARISAEMA  Martins.     Indian  Turnip.     Dragon  Arum 

A.  triphyllum  (L.)  Schott.  Indian  or  Wild  Turnip,  Jack-in-the-Pulplt. 
Rich  moist  woods;  common.  Apr.,  May.  Spathes,  petioles  and 
sheaths  vary  in  color  from  pale  green  to  dark  purple  with  whitish 
stripes  or  spots. 

CALL  A  L.     Water  arum 
C.  palustris  L.     Wild  Calla.     Bogs  and  marshes;  frequent.     May,  June. 

SYMPLOCARPUS   Salisb.     Skunk  Cabbage 
S.  foetidiis   (L.)   Nutt.     Wet  places;   common.     Apr.,  May. 

LEMNACEAE.     DUCKWEED  FAMILY 

LEMNA  L.     Duckweed.     Duck's  Meat 

L.  minor  L.  Lesser  Duckweed.  Stagnant  water;  frequent.  Not  found 
in  flower. 

L.  trisuica  L.  Ivy-leaved  Duckweed.  Ponds;  occasional.  Not  found 
in  flower. 

SPIRODELA   Schleid. 

S.  polyrhiza  (L.)  Schleid.  Greater  Duckweed.  Stagnant  water;  fre- 
quent.    Not  found  in   flower. 

ERIOCAULACEAE.     PIPEWORT  FAMILY 

ERIOCAULON    (Gronov.)    L.     Pipe  wort 

13.  articulatum  (Huds.)  Morong.  (E.  septangulare  With.)  Border  of 
Lake  Champlain,  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.,  Griffin).     Aug.,  Sept. 


24  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

PONTEDERIACEAE.     PICKEREL=WEED  FAMILY 

HETERANTHERA  R.  &  P.     Mud  Pi^antain 

H.  dubia  (Jacq.)  MacM.  Water  Star  Grass.  Ponds  and  streams;  rare. 
Aug.  Mouth  of  Winooski  River,  (Grout  and  Tracy).  A  small 
form  occurs  on  muddy  shore,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

PONTEDERIA  L.     PickEREL-weEd 

P.  cordata  L.  Borders  of  ponds  and  slow  streams;  frequent.  July, 
Aug. 

JUNCACEAE.     RUSH  FAMILY 

JUNCUS   (Tourn.)   L.     Rush.     Bog  Rush 

J.  acumiiiatus  Michx.  Sharp-fruited  Rush.  Wet  meadows;  rare.  June- 
Aug.     Essex,  (Jones).     This  was  a  proliferous  form  of  the  species. 

J.  alpiuus  Vill.,  var.  iusi^uis  Fries.  Wet  gravelly  shores  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Shelburne,  (Pringle)  ;  Burlington,  (N. 
F.  F.). 

J.  articulatus  L.  Jointed  Rush.  Wet  grounds;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Es- 
sex,   (Jones);    Colchester,    (N.  F.  F.). 

J.  brevicaudatus  (Engelm.)  Fern.    Moist  places;  frequent.     July-Sept. 

J.  bufoniiis  L.     Toad  Rush.     Low  grounds;   common.     June-Sept. 

J.  Dudley!  Wiegand.     Damp  grounds;    occasional.     June-Sept. 

J.  effusus  L.     Bog  Rush.     Marshy  grounds;   common.     July,  Aug. 

J,  nodosus  L.  Knotted  Rush.  Swamps  and  gravelly  banks;  frequent. 
July,  Aug. 

J.  pelocarpus  Mey.  Brownish-fruited  Rush.  Shores  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;  rare.  Aug.,  Sept.  Shelburne,  (Pringle);  Colchester,  (N. 
F.  F.). 

J.  tenuis  Willd.  Slender  Rush.  Fields;  common  and  variable.  June- 
Sept. 

LUZULA  DC.     Wood  Rush 

L.  campestris  (L.)  DC,  var.  multiflora  (Ehrh.)  Celak.  Common  Wood 
Rush.     Meadows  and  open  woods;    frequent.     May,  June. 

L.  saltneusis  Fern.  Hairy  Wood  Rush.  Woods  and  banks;  frequent. 
May. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  25 

LILIACEAE.     LILY  FAMILY 

ALLIUM  (Toiirn.)  L.     Onion.     Garlic 

A.  tricoccum  Ait.     Wild  Leek.     Rich  woods;    rare.     June,   July.     Col- 
chester,   (GrifRn). 

ASPARAGUS   (Tourn.)   L.     Asparagus 

A.  OFFICINALIS  L.     Garden  Asparagus.     Roadside  escape  from  gardens; 
frequent.     June. 

CLINTONIA  Raf. 

C.  borealis  (Ait.)  Raf.     Yellow  Clintonia.     Cool  moist  woods;  common. 
May,  June. 

CONVALLARIA  L.     Lily  of  the  Valley 

C.  majalis  L.     Persistent  near  old  building  site,  Shelburne,  (N.  F.  F.). 
May,  June. 

ERYTHRONIUM  L.    Dog's-tooth  Violet 

E.  americannm  Ker.     Yellow  Adder's  Tongue.     Rich  copses  and  wood- 
lands;   common.     Apr.,  May. 

HEMEROCALLIS  L.     Day  Lily 

H.  fulva  L.     Common  Day  Lily.     Roadside  escape  from  gardens;  occa- 
sional.    July. 

LILIUM  (Tourn.)   L.     Lily 

L,  eaiiadense  L.     Meadow   Lily,   Wild   Yellow   Lily.     Moist  meadows; 

common.     July. 
L.  pliiladelphiciim  L.     Wood  Lily,  Wild  Orange-red  Lily.     Sandy  open 

woodlands;    common.     July. 
L.  TiGRiNUM   Ker.     Tiger  Lily.     Roadside  escape  from   gardens:    rare. 

Aug.     Burlington,    (Miss  Brown);   Essex,   (N.  F,  F.). 

MAIANTHEMUM  Wiggers. 

M.  cauadeuse  Desf.     Two-leaved  Solomon's  Seal.  Wild  Lily  of  the  Val- 
ley.    Woods;    common.     May,    June. 

MEDEOLA  (Gronov.)  L.     Indian  CrcuMi'.FR-ROOT 

M.  Yirgiuiaiia  L.     Rich  moist  woods:    common.     May,   June. 


26  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

OAKESIA  Wats. 

0.  sessilifolia  (L.)  Wats.  Sessile-leaved  Bellwort.  Moist  woodlands; 
common.    May,  June. 

POLYGONATUM  (Tourn.)  Hill.     Solomon's  Seai. 

P.  Mflorum  (Walt.)  Ell.  Small  Solomon's  Seal.  Wooded  hillsides; 
common.     May,   June. 

SMILACINA   Desf.     False   Solomon's   Seal 

S.    racemosa    (L.)    Desf.     False    Spikenard.     Moist    copses;    common. 

May,  June. 
S.  stellata  (L.)  Desf.     Star-flowered  Solomon's  Seal.     Moist  banks  and 

meadows;    frequent.     May. 

S.  trifolia  (L.)  Desf.  Three-leaved  Solomon's  Seal.  Cold  sphagnum 
swamps;    occasional.     June,  July. 

SMILAX   (Tourn.)  L.     Cat  Brier.     GreEn  Brier 

S.  herbacea  L.  Carrion-flower.  River  banks  and  moist  thickets;  occa- 
sional.    June. 

STREPTOPUS  Michx.     TwistEd-stalk 

S.  roseus  Michx.     Cold  damp  woods;   frequent.     May. 

TRILLIUM  L.     Wake  Robin.     Birthroot 

T,  ceruuum  L.  Nodding  Trillium.  Moist  woods;  rare.  May.  South 
Burlington,    ( Hood ) . 

T.  erectum  L.     Purple  Trillium.     Rich  woods;   frequent.     May. 

T.  grandiflorum  (Michx.)  Salisb.  White  Trillium.  Rich  moist  woods; 
common.     May. 

T.  nndulatum  Willd.  Painted  Trillium.  Cool  moist  woods;  occasional. 
May. 

UVULARIA  L.     BELLWORT 

TJ.  grandiflora  Sm.  Large-flowered  Bellwort.  Rich  woods;  frequent. 
Apr.,  May.  A  form  occurs  the  leaves  of  which  are  variegated  with 
white;    Shelburne,    (Mrs.    Gebhardt). 

VERATRUM   (Tourn.)   L.     False  Hellebore 

V.  Tiride  Ait.  American  White  Hellebore,  Indian  Poke.  Wet  mead- 
ows and   swamps;    common.     June. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  27 

IRIDACEAE.     IRIS  FAMILY 

IRIS   (Tourn.)   L.     Fi.eur-dE-us 

I.  PSEUDACORUS  L.  Yellow  Iris.  A  garden  escape,  bank  of  WinooskI 
River,  Essex,    (Ross).     June. 

T,  yersicolor  L.  Wild  Iris,  Blue  Flag.  Wet  meadows;  common.  June, 
July. 

SISYRINCHIUM  L.     Blue-Eyed  Grass 

S.  aiigustifolium  Mill.  Meadows,  fields  and  damp  sandy  soil;  common. 
May,  June. 

ORCHIDACEAE.     ORCHIS  FAMILY 

ARETHUSA    (Gronov.)    L. 

A.  bulbosa  L.  Sphagnum  bogs;  occasional.  June.  A  white-flowered 
form  occurs,  South  Burlington,    (Howe). 

CALOPOGON  R.  Br. 

C.  pulchellus  (Sw.)  R.  Br.  Grass  Pink.  Bogs;  occasional.  June, 
July. 

CORALLORRHIZA   (Haller)   Chat.     Coral  Root 
C.  maculata  Raf.     Large  Coral  Root.     Woods;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

C.  trifida  Chat.  Early  Coral  Root.  Swamps  and  damp  woods;  occa- 
sional.    May,  June. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  L.     Lady's   Slipper.     Moccasin   Flower 

C.  acaule  Ait.     Stemless  or  Pink  Lady's  Slipper.     Dry  woods;  frequenr. 

May,  June. 
C.  arietinum  R.  Br.     Ram's  Head  Lady's  Slipper.     Occasional  in  rocky 

woods  where  it  reaches  great  perfection,  colonies  of  thirty-nine  to 

fifty  blossoms  having  been  seen.     May,  June. 

C.  liirsiitum  Mill,  Showy  Lady's  Slipper.  Cold  swamps;  occasional. 
June,  July. 

C.  parviflorum  Salisb.  Smaller  Yellow  Lady's  Slipper.  Bogs  and  low 
woods;  rare.  May,  June.  South  Burlington,  (Torrey) ;  Colches- 
ter,  (Griffin). 

C.  parviflornm  Salisb.,  var.  pubeseeus  (Willd.)  Knight.  Large  Yellow 
Lady's  Slipper.     Rich  moist  woods;    frequent.     May,  June. 


28  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

EPIPACTIS    (Haller)    Boehm.     Rattlesnake   Plantain 

E.  puljesceiis  (Willd.)  Eaton.-  Downy  Rattlesnake  Plantain.  Dry 
woods;    occasional.     Aug. 

E.  repeiis  (L.)  Crantz,  var.  ophioides  (Fern.)  Eaton.  Lesser  Rattle- 
snake Plantain.  Cold  mossy  woods;  rare.  July.  South  Burling- 
ton,   (Mrs.  Walker). 

E,  tesselata  (Lodd.)  Eaton.  Cold  moist  woods;  rare.  Aug.  Burling- 
ton,   (Collins);    South  Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.). 

HABENARIA  Willd.     Reix  Orchis.     Fringed  Orchis 

H.  blephariglottis  (Willd.)  Torr.  White  Fringed  Orchis.  Bogs;  rare. 
Aug.     South   Burlington,    (Torrey). 

H.  bracteata  (Willd.)  R.  Br.  Long-bracted  Orchis.  Damp  woods  and 
meadows;    occasional.     May,   June. 

H.  clayellata  (Michx.)  Spreng.  Small  Wood  Orchis.  Bogs;  rare.  July, 
Aug.       South    Burlington,    (Torrey,    Jones) ;     Burlington,    (Ross, 

N.   F.    F.). 

H.  dilatata  (Pursh)  Gray.  White  Bog  Orchis.  Cold  bogs;  rare.  June, 
July.     South  Burlington,   (Hazen). 

H.  fimbriata  (Ait.)  R.  Br.  Large  Purple  Fringed  Orchis.  Cool  moist 
woods;    rare.     June,  July.     Essex,    (Jones  and  Hazen). 

H.  Hookeri  Torr.     Dry  woods;  occasional.     June. 

H.  liyperborea  (L.)  R.  Br.  Tall  Green  Orchis.  Bogs  and  cold  woods; 
occasional.     July. 

H.  lacera  (Michx.)  R.  Br.  Ragged  Fringed  Orchis.  Moist  ground; 
rare.     July,    Aug.     South    Burlington,    (Torrey) ;    Burlington,    (N. 

F.   F.). 

JI,  macrophylla  Goldie.  Large-leaved  Orchis.  Moist  coniferous  woods; 
rare.     June,  July.     Williston,   (Bates);   South  Burlington,    (Ross). 

11.  orbiciilata  (Pursh)  Torr.  Round-leaved  Orchis.  Cold  rich  woods; 
rare.     June,  July.     Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.,  H.  A.  P.  Torrey). 

H.  psycodes  (L.)  Sw.  Smaller  Purple  Fringed  Orchis.  Wet  meadows 
and  bogs;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

LIPARIS  Richard.     Twayblade 

L.  liliifolia  (L.)  Richard.  Large  Twayblade.  Woods;  rare.  June, 
July.     Colchester,    (Eggleston).     Specimen  lost. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  29 

L.  Loeselii  (L.)  Richard.  Fen  Orchis.  Damp  fields;  occasional.  June, 
July. 

LISTERA  R.  Br.     Tw.wbl.xde 

L,  cordata  (L.)  R.  Br.  Heart-leaved  Twayblade.  Sphagnum  bogs; 
rare.     June.     South   Burlington,    (Jones). 

MICROSTYLIS  (Nutt.)  Eaton.     Audf.r's  Mouth 

M.  imifolia  (Michx.)  BSP.  Green  Adder's  Mouth.  Open  woods;  occa- 
sional.    July. 

ORCHIS    (Tourn.)    L. 

0.  spectabilis  L.  Showy  Orchis.  Rich  moist  woods;  occasional.  May, 
June. 

POGONIA    Juss. 

P.  aMuis  Aust.  Small  Whorled  Pogonia.  One  plant  in  woods  at  Fair- 
holt,   Burlington,    (Mrs,   Holt).     May,   June. 

P.  opliiog'lossoides  (L.)  Ker.  Rose  Pogonia,  Snake-mouth.  Bogs;  fre- 
quent.    June,  July. 

P.  yerticillata  (Willd.)  Nutt.  Whorled  Pogonia.  Woods;  rare.  May, 
June.  Colchester,  (Robbins,  Torrey,  Ross);  Burlington,  (Jones). 
Has  been  found  in  two  or  three  different  stations  at  intervals  of 
several  years. 

SPIRANTHES    Richard.     Ladies'    Tresses 

S.  cerima  (L.)  Richard.     Nodding  Ladies'  Tresses.    Wet  soil;  common. 

Aug.,  Sept. 
S.  g'racilis  (Bigel.)  Beck.     Slender  Ladies'  Tresses.     Sandy  woods  and 

plains;    occasional.     July,  Aug. 
S.  Romanzoffiana   Cham.     Swamps   and   moist   soil;    rare.     July,    Aug. 

Colchester,    (Grifhn). 

SALICACEAE.     WILLOW    FAMILY 

POPULUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Poplar.     Aspkx 

P.  ALBA  L.  White  Poplar,  Silver-leaved  Poplar,  Abele.  Frequent  a.s 
an  escape  from  cultivation.     Apr.,  May.    Only  pistillate  trees  occur. 

P.  l)alsamifera  L.  Balsam  Poplar,  Tacamahac.  Wet  ravines  and  bor- 
ders of  rivers;    frequent.     Apr.,  May. 


30  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

r.  CANDiCANS  Ait.  Balm  of  Gilead.  Occasional  in  cultivation  and 
sometimes   spontaneous.     Apr.,  May. 

r.  deltoides  Marsh.  Cotton-wood,  Necklace  Poplar.  Borders  of  streams 
and  of  Lake  Champlain;   frequent.     Apr.,  May. 

P.  graiidideutata  Michx.  Large-toothed  Aspen.  Rich  woods;  frequent. 
Apr.,  May. 

P.  NIGRA  L.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  italica  Du  Roi.  Lombardy  Pop- 
lar. Frequently  cultivated  and  tends  to  spread  by  sprouting  from 
the  roots.     Apr.,  May.     Only  staminate  trees  occur. 

P.  tremuloides  Michx.  American  Aspen,  Trembling  Poplar.  Woods; 
common.     Apr.,  May. 

SALIX    (Tourn.)    L.     W11.1.OW.     OsiER 

S.  ALBA  L.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  vitellina  (L.)  Koch.  White  Wil- 
low. Common  in  cultivation  and  occasional  as  an  escape.  Apr., 
May. 

S.  cordata  Muhl.  Heart-leaved  Willow.  Wet  soil ;  common.  Apr., 
May. 

S.  discolor  Muhl.  Pussy  or  Glaucous  Willow.  Wet  soil;  common. 
Apr.,  May.  Var.  eriocephala  (Michx.)  Anders.  South  Burlington, 
(Kirk  and  Jones).     Apr.,  May. 

S.  FRAGiLis  L.  Crack  Willow.  Common  in  cultivation  and  as  an  es- 
cape.    May. 

S.  humilis  Marsh.  Prairie  Willow.  Dry  sandy  plains;  common.  Apr., 
May. 

S.  lougifolia  Muhl.  Sand-bar  Willow.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain; 
occasional.    May. 

S.  lucida  Muhl.     Shining  Willow.    Moist  banks;   frequent.    May. 

S.  nigra  Marsh.  Black  Willow.  Banks  of  streams  and  ponds;  com- 
mon. May.  Var.  faecata  (Pursh)  Torr.  Burlington,  (Rand). 
May. 

S.  pedicellaris  Pursh.     Bog  Willow.     Peat  bogs;   frequent.    May. 

S.  petiolaris  Sm.  Slender  Willow.  Swamps  and  shores  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;  rare.     May.     Burlington,   (Grout  and  Jones). 

S.  PURPUREA  L.  Purple  Willow.  A  frequent  escape  to  watersides. 
Apr.,  May. 


FLORA  OP   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  31 

S.  rostrata  Richards.  Beaked  Willow.  Borders  of  thickets;  common. 
Apr.,  May. 

S.  sericea  Marsh.  Silky  Willow.  In  swamps  and  along  streams;  rare. 
Apr.,  May.     Burlington  and   South   Burlington,    (Jones). 

Some  peculiar  willows  occur  at  Burlington,  (Jones),  which  will  prob- 
ably prove  to  be  hybrids. 

MYRICACEAE.     SWEET  GALE  FAMILY 

MYRICA    L. 

M.  asplenifolia  L.     Sweet  Fern.     Dry  sterile  soil;  common.     Apr.,  May. 

M.  Gale  L,  Sweet  Gale.  Swamps  and  borders  of  ponds;  occasional. 
May. 

JUGLANDACEAE.     WALNUT  FAMILY 

CARYA  Nutt.     Hickory 

C.  alba  (L.)  Koch.  Mocker  Nut,  White-heart  Hickory.  Rocky  pas- 
ture, Burlington,   (Burns).     June. 

C.  cordiformis  (Wang.)  Koch,  Bitter-nut  or  Swamp  Hickory.  Occa- 
sional in  cultivation,  but  rare  otherwise.  May,  June.  South  Bur- 
lington,  (Hubbard  and  Strait). 

C.  ovata  (Mill.)  Koch.  Shellbark  or  Shagbark  Hickory,  Walnut.  Rich 
soil;   frequent.     May,  June. 

JUGLANS  L.    Walnut 

J.  cinerea  L.  Butternut,  White  Walnut.  Rocky  hillsides;  frequent. 
May. 

BETULACEAE.     BIRCH   FAMILY 

ALNUS    (Tourn.)    Hill.     Alder 

A.  iucana  (L.)  Moench.  Speckled  or  Hoary  Alder.  Swamps  and  bor- 
ders of  streams;  common.  Apr.  Several  forms  occur,  which  are 
intermediate  between  this  and  A.  rugosa,  and  are  regarded  by 
some  as  hybrids. 

A,  mollis  Fern.  Downy  Green  Alder.  Damp  thickets  and  exposed 
rocky  banks;   rare.     May.     Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 


32  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

A.  rugosa    (Du   Roi)    Spreng.     Smooth    Alder.     Moist    soil;    frequent. 

Apr. 

BETULA    (Tourn.)    L.     Birch 

B.  alba  L.,  var.  papyrifera   (Marsh.)   Spach.     Paper,  Canoe  or  White 

Birch.    Moist   soil;    common.     Apr.,   May. 

B.  leiita  L.  Cherry,  Sweet  or  Black  Birch.  Rich  woodlands;  fre- 
quent.    Apr.,  May. 

B.  lutea  Michx.  f.  Yellow  or  Gray  Birch.  Rich  cool  soils;  frequent. 
Apr.,  May. 

B.  populifolia  Marsh.     White,  Gray  or   Old  Field  Birch.     Poor   sandy 

soil;    common.     Apr.,  May. 

CARPINUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Hornbeam.     Iron  wood 

C.  caroliniaiia    Walt.       American    Hornbeam,    Blue    or    Water    Beech. 

Along  streams;   frequent.     May. 

CORYLUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Hazelnut.     Filbert 

C.  rostrata  Ait.     Beaked  Hazelnut.     Dry  thickets;  common.     Apr.,  May. 

OSTRYA  (Mich.)  Scop.     Hop  Hornbeam.     Iron  wood 

0.  Tirgiuiaua  (Mill.)  Koch.  American  Hop  Hornbeam,  Leverwood. 
Rich  woods;   common.     May. 

FAGACEAE.     BEECH  FAMILY 

CASTANEA  (Tourn.)  Hill.     Chestnut 

C.  deutata  (Marsh.)  Borkh.  Chestnut.  Rocky  woods  and  hillsides. 
July.  The  trees  on  the  Ethan  Allen  farm  in  the  north  part  of 
Burlington  were  supposed  to  represent  the  northern  limit  of  this 
tree,  but  it  has  recently  been  found  in  Colchester,    (Griffin).* 

FAGUS  (Tourn.)  L.  Beech 
F.  graiidifolia  Ehrh.     American  Beech.     Rich  uplands;  common.     May. 

QUERCUS  (Tourn.)  L.  Oak 
Q,  alba  L.     White  Oak.     Dryish  woods;   common.     May. 

Q.  Ibicolor  Willd.  Swamp  AVhite  Oak.  Borders  of  streams  and  swamps; 
frequent.     May. 


♦This  last  station  is  probably  the  one  referred  to  in  Hemenway's  Vermont 
Gazeteer,  Vol.  1,  p.  758. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  33 

Q.  macroearpa  Michx.  Bur  Oak,  Over-cup  or  Mossy-cup  Oak.  Rich 
soil;    rare.     May.     Burlington,   (Jones);    Colchester,    (Griffin). 

Q,  Mulileubergii  Engelm.  Yellow  Oak,  Chestnut  Oak.  Dry  limestone 
hillsides;   rare.     May.     Colchester,   (Griffin). 

Q.  rubra  L.  Red  Oak.  Rich  or  poor  soil;  common.  May.  Var.  ambigua 
(Michx.  f.)  Fern.  Gray  Oak.  Rocky  woods,  Burlington,  (Burns). 
May. 

Q.  velutina  Lam.  Quercitron,  Yellow-barked  or  Black  Oak.  Dry  light 
soil ;    frequent.     May. 

URTICACEAE.     NETTLE    FAMILY 

BOEHMERIA  Jacq.     False  Nettle 

B.  cylindrica   (L.)    Sw.     Moist  shady  ground;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 

CANNABIS    (Tourn.)    L.     Hemp 

C.  SATivA  L.     Common  Hemp.     Waste   places;    occasional.     July-Sept. 

CELTIS   (Tourn.)   L.     Nettle  Tree.     Hackberrv 

C.  occideutalis  L.  Sugarberry.  River  banks  and  intervals;  occasional. 
May. 

HUMULUS  L.     Hop 

H.  japonicus  Sieb.  &  Zucc.  Japanese  Hop.  Waste  places;  rare.  July. 
Burlington,    (Jones,  N.  F.  F.). 

H.  Lupui^us  L.     Common  Hop.     An  occasional  roadside  escape.     July. 

LAPORTEA  Gaud.     Wood  Nettle 

L.  canadensis  (L.)  Gaud.     Rich  woods;  frequent.     July,  Aug. 

MORUS   (Tourn.)  L.     Mulberry 

M.  alba  L.  White  Mulberry.  An  occasional  escape  to  woods  and  road- 
sides.    May.     Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 

PARIETARIA   (Tourn.)   L.     Pellitorv 

P.  peuDsylyaiiica  Muhl.  Shaded  rocky  banks;  rare.  June,  July.  Bur- 
lington, (Jones);  South  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.) ;  Colchester,  (Grif- 
fin). 


34  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

PILEA  Lindl.     Richweed.     ClEarweEd 

P.  pumila  (L.)   Gray.     Cool  and  moist  shaded  places;  frequent.     July, 
Aug. 

ULMUS    (Tourn.)   L.     Elm 
U.  americana  L.     American  or  White  Elm.     Moist  soil;  common.     Apr. 
U.   CAMPESTRis   L.     English   Elm,     Commonly   planted   and   escaped   to 

roadside,   Colchester,    (N.   F.   F.).     Apr. 
U.  fulra  Michx.     Slippery  or  Red  Elm.     Rich  rocky  woods;  occasional. 

Apr. 
U.  racemosa  Thomas.     Cork  or  Rock  Elm.     Occurs  as  a  shade  tree  in 

Burlington  and  search  will  probably  reveal  it  on  the  river  banks 

or  calcareous  ridges  in  this  vicinity.     Apr.,  May. 

URTICA    (Tourn.)    L.     Nettle 

U.  gracilis  Ait.     Slender  or  Tall  Wild  Nettle.     Fence  rows  and  moist 
ground;   common.     July,  Aug. 

U.  Lyallii  Wats.     Alluvial  thickets  and  waste  places;   frequent.     July, 
Aug.     Has  hitherto  been  confused  with  U.  gracilis. 

SANTALACEAE.     SANDALWOOD  FAMILY 

COMANDRA   Nutt.     Bastard    Toad-flax 

C.   Ricliardsiaiia    Fern.     Dry   sandy   or    gravelly   soil;    common.     May, 
June. 

C.  umbellata   (L.)    Nutt.     Dry  ground;    rare.     May,  June.     Colchester, 
(Griffin). 

LORANTHACEAE.     MISTLETOE    FAMILY 

ARCEUTHOBIUM  Bieb. 

A.  pnsiUnm  Peck.     Dwarf  Mistletoe.     Parasitic  on  spruce  and  tama- 
rack.    May.     Colchester,    (Jones). 

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.     BIRTHWORT  FAMILY 

ASARUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Asarabacca.     Wild   Ginger 
A,  canadense  L.     Rich  woods;   common.     Apr.,  May. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  35 

POLYGONACEAE.     BUCKWHEAT  FAMILY 

FAGOPYRUM    (Tourn.)    Hill.     Buckwheat 
F,  ESCuivENTUM  Moench.     Persisting  after  cultivation.     June-Sept. 

POLYGONELLA  Michx. 

P.  articulata  (L.)  Meisn.  Coast  Jointweed.  Sandy  shore  of  Lake 
Champlain;    rare.     Aug.,   Sept.     Colchester,    (Pringle,  N.   F.  F.). 

POLYGONUM  (Tourn.)  L.     KnotweEd 

P.  acre  HBK.,  var.  leptostacliyiim  Meisn.  Water  Smartweed.  Wet 
meadows;    occasional.     July-Sept. 

P.  ampliibiiim  L.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  Hartwrightii  (Gray)  Bis- 
sell.     Wet  places;  rare.     Aug.,  Sept.     Burlington,  (Jones,  N.  F.  F.). 

P.  arifolium  L.  Halberd-leaved  Tear-thumb.  Wet  ground;  occasional. 
Aug.,   Sept. 

P.  aviculare  L.  Knotgrass,  Knotweed,  Doorweed.  Dooryards,  waste 
places,  etc.;   common.     June-Sept. 

P.  ayiculare  L.,  var.  yeg^etum  Ledeb.     Burlington,  (Grout).     July-Sept. 

P.  ciliuode  Michx.  Fringed  Black  Bindweed.  Rocky  copses;  frequent. 
July-Sept. 

P.  CoNvoLVUEUS  L.  Black  Bindweed.  Cultivated  and  waste  ground; 
common.     June-Sept; 

P.  cuspiDATUM  Sieb.  &  Zucc.  Japanese  Knotweed.  Adventive  in  gar- 
den, Shelburne,   (Mrs.  Gebhardt).     Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  erectum  L.  Erect  Knotweed.  Waysides,  waste  places,  etc.;  local. 
July,   Aug.     South   Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 

P.  Hydropiper  L.  Common  Smartweed  or  Water  Pepper.  Moist  places; 
common.     July-Sept. 

P.  lapathifolium  L.  Dock-leaved  or  Pale  Persicaria.  Alluvial  fields; 
frequent.  July-Sept.  A  stout  form  near  var.  nodosum  (Pers.) 
Weinm.  occurs.  Fort  Ethan  Allen,    (N.  F.  F.). 

P.  Muhlenbergii  (Meisn.)  Wats.  Swamp  Persicaria.  Muddy  or  exsic- 
cated places;  occasional.     Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  ORiENTALE  L.  Prince's  Feather.  Persisting  about  gardens;  occa- 
sional.    July-Sept. 


36  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

P.  peuusylvauicum  L.  Common  or  Pink  Persicaria.  Moist  soil;  fre- 
quent.    July-Sept. 

P.  Persicaria  L.     Lady's  Thumb.     Waste  places;   common.     July-Sept. 

P.  sa^ittatum  L.  Arrow-leaved  Tear-thumb.  Low  ground;  common. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  scandeus  L.  Climbing  False  Buckwheat.  Moist  thickets;  frequent. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  Tirgiiiiaimm  L.    Moist  thickets;   occasional.     Aug.,  Sept. 

RUMEX  L.     Dock.     SorrEi, 

R.  AcETOSA  L.  Garden  Sorrel.  Adventive  in  grass  lands,  Burling- 
ton,   (Jones).     June. 

R.  AcETOSEEEA  L.  Field  or  Sheep  Sorrel.  Fields,  especially  in  sterile 
soil;  a  common  weed.    May- July. 

R.  Britanuica  L.  Great  Water  Dock.  Wet  places;  frequent.  July, 
Aug. 

R.  CRiSPUs  L.  Yellow  Dock.  Fields  and  waste  places;  common.  June, 
July. 

R.  MExiCANus  Meisn.  Rich  soil;  rare.  July.  Colchester,  (Sprague)  ; 
Burlington,    (N.   F.    F.). 

R.  MONTANUM  Desf.  A  garden  escape,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).  June. 
Station  destroyed  by  building  operations. 

R.  OBTusiEOEius  L.  Bitter  Dock.  Fields  and  waste  places;  common. 
June,  July. 

K.  Patientia  L.     Patience  Dock.     Rich  open  soil ;  frequent.    June,  July. 

R.  yerticillatus  L.     Swamp  Dock.     Swamps;    frequent.     June,  July. 

CHENOPODIACEAE.     GOOSEFOOT  FAMILY 

CHENOPODIUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Goosefoot.     Pigweed 

C.  AEBUM  L.  Lamb's  Quarters,  Pigweed.  Fields;  a  common  weed. 
June-Sept.     Var.  viride  (L.)  Moq.     Becoming  frequent.    June-Sept. 

Co  ambrosioides  L.  Mexican  Tea.  Adventive  on  railway  embankment, 
Colchester,    (N.   F.   F.).     Aug.,    Sept. 

C.  BoTRYS  L.  Jerusalem  Oak,  Feather  Geranium.  Lake  shore  and 
waste  places;   occasional.     July-Sept. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  37 

r.  capitatum  (L.)  Asch.  Strawberry  Elite.  Rich  ground;  rare.  July. 
Burlington,    (Jones  and   Howe). 

C.  GivAucuM  L.  Oak-leaved  Goosefoot.  Railroad  yard,  Burlington, 
(Orton).     July-Sept. 

C.  hybridum  L.  Maple-leaved  Goosefoot.  Shady  ledges  and  waste 
places;    frequent.     July-Sept. 

C.  URBicuM  L.  Upright  Goosefoot.  Adventive  in  lumber  yards,  Bur- 
lington,   (Howe).     June- Aug. 

SALSOLA  L.     Saltwort 

S.  Kali  L.,  var.  TEnuifolia  Mey.  Russian  Thistle.  Occasional  as  a 
recent  introduction,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.) ;  Colchester,  (Jones). 
Aug.,  Sept. 

AMARANTHACEAE.     AMARANTH    FAMILY 

ACNIDA  L.     Water  Hemp 

A.   tuberculata    Moq.     Sandy    shore    of   Lake    Champlain,    Burlington, 

(N.   F.   F.).     Aug.,    Sept. 

AMARANTHUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Amaranth 

A.  blitoides  Wats.  Prostrate  Amaranth.  Waste  places  and  along  rail- 
roads;   becoming   common.     July-Sept. 

A^  graecizans  L.  Tumble  Weed.  Waste  and  cultivated  ground;  fre- 
quent.    July-Sept. 

A.  retroflExus  L.  Green  Amaranth,  Pigweed.  A  common  weed  in  cul- 
tivated  ground.     July-Sept. 

A.  sPiNosus  L.  Thorny  Amaranth.  Adventive  in  cultivated  ground, 
Burlington,    (Mrs.  Walker),     July-Sept. 


PHYTOLACCACEAE.     POKEWEED  FAMILY 

PHYTOLACCA    (Tourn.)    L.     Poke  weed 

P.  decandra  L.     Common  Poke  or  Scoke,  Garget,  Pigeon  Berry.     Pas- 
tures and  fields;    rare.     July-Sept.     Colchester,    (Jones). 


38  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

AIZOACEAE 

MOLLUGO   L.     Indian   ChickweEd 

M.  vERTiciLLATA  L.  Carpet  Weed.  Cultivated  ground  and  waste  places 
in  sandy  soil;    frequent.     July-Oct. 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE.     PINK  FAMILY 

AGROSTEMMA  L.     Corn  Cockle 
A.  GiTHAGO  L.     Cultivated  fields;   occasional.     June,  July. 
ARENARIA  L.     Sandwort 

A.  lateriflora  L.  Blunt-leaved  Sandwort.  Rocky  headland  of  Lake 
Champlain,  Burlington,    (Miss  Hitchcock).     June,  July. 

A.  SERPYELiFOEiA  L.  Thymc-lcaved  Sandwort.  Dry  rocky  places;  fre- 
quent.    June-Aug. 

A.  stricta  Michx.  Rock  Sandwort.  Cliffs  and  headlands  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;    occasional.     June,    July. 

CERASTIUM    L.     MousE-Ear    ChickwEEd 

C.  aryeiise  L,     Field  Mouse-ear  Chickweed.    Dry  or  rocky  places;  rare. 

June,   July.     Colchester,    (Griffin). 
C.  nutans  Raf.     Nodding  Chickweed.     Moist  rich  soil ;  rare.    June,  July. 

Colchester,    (Griffin). 

C.  vuEGATUM   L.     Common  Mouse-ear   Chickweed.      Fields,   dooryards, 

etc. ;    common.     Apr. -Oct. 

DIANTHUS    L.     Pink.     Carnation 

D,  barbatus  L.     Sweet  William.     Roadside  escape  from  garden,  Essex, 

(N.  F.  F.).     June,  July. 

GYPSOPHILA  L. 

G.  muralis  L.  Low  Gypsophila.  Spontaneous  in  garden,  Burlington, 
(Jones);   in  old  field,  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.).     July-Sept. 

LYCHNIS    (Tourn.)    L.     Campion 

L.  alba  Mill.  White  Campion.  Waste  grounds  and  roadsides;  rare. 
June-Aug.  Burlington,  (Grout) ;  weed  in  meadow,  Colchester, 
(Jones). 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  39 

L.  DioiCA  L.  Red  Campion.  Persistent  in  old  dooryard,  Colchester, 
(N.  F.  F.)  ;  in  grass  land,  Burlington,  (Morse).     July-Sept. 

SAPONARIA  L. 

S.  OFFICINALIS  L.  Soapwort,  Bouncing  Bet.  Waste  places  and  road- 
sides;  common.     July-Oct. 

S.  Vaccaria  L.  Cow-herb.  Railroad  yards,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F., 
Ross).     June,  July. 

SILENE  L.     Catch  FLY.     Campion 

S.  aiitirrhiua  L.     Sleepy  Catchfly.     Dry  soil;    frequent.     June- Aug. 

S»  Armeria  L.  Sweet  William  Catchfly.  Spontaneous  in  garden,  Bur- 
lington,  (N.  F.  F.).     July-Sept. 

S.  ivATiFouA  (Mill.)  Britten  &  Rendle.  Bladder  Campion.  Roadsides 
and  fields;   occasional.     June,  July. 

S.  NOCTiFLORA  L.  Night-flowering  Catchfly.  Cultivated  grounds  and 
waste  places;   occasional.     June-Oct. 

SPERGULA  L.     Spurrey 

S.  ARVENSis  L.  Corn  Spurrey.  Weed  in  cultivated  grounds;  occasional. 
June-Sept. 

S.  SATiVA  Boenn.  Field  Spurrey.  Adventive  at  Experiment  Farm,  Bur- 
lington,   (Hazen).     June,  July. 

STELLARIA   L.     ChickwEEd.     Starwort 

S.  borealis  Bigel.  Northern  Stitchwort.  Shaded  or  wet  places;  rare. 
June-Aug.     Burlington,    (N.   F.    F.). 

S.  GR.\MiNEA  L.  Lesser  Stitchwort  or  Starwort.  Roadsides  and  moist 
grasslands;  frequent.  June,  July.  Var.  eatifolia  Peterm.  Damp 
grassy  place,   Williston,    (N.  F.  F.). 

S.  loiigifolia  Muhl.  Long-leaved  Stitchwort.  Damp  intervals:  occa- 
sional.    June,  July. 

S.  MEDIA  (L.)  Cyrill.  Common  Chickweed.  A  common  weed  in  moist 
shaded  places.     Apr. -Oct. 


40  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

PORTULACACEAE.  PURSLANE  FAMILY 

CLAYTONIA   (Gronov.)   L.     Spring  Beauty 

C.   caroliniana   Michx.     Spring   Beauty.     Rich   open   woods;    frequent. 

Apr.,  May. 
C.  Tirginica  L.     Broad-leaved  Spring  Beauty.     Wooded  edge  of  interval, 

South  Burlington,   (Torrey,  Jones).     Apr.,  May. 

PORTULACA  (Tourn.)  L.     Purslane 

P.  OLERACEA  L.  Common  Purslane,  Pusley.  Cultivated  and  waste 
grounds;    common.     June- Aug. 

NYMPHAEACEAE.     WATER  LILY  FAMILY 

BRASENIA  Schreb.     Water  Shield 

B.  Schreberi   Gmel.     Ponds;    rare,     July,    Aug.     Shelburne,    (Jones); 

Colchester,    (Macrae,  N.  F.  F.). 

CASTALIA  Salisb.     Water  Lily.     Water  Nymph 

C.  odorata  (Ait.)  Woodville  &  Wood.     Sweet-Scented  White  Water  Lily, 

Pond  Lily.     Ponds  and  slow  streams;   common.     July,  Aug. 

C.  tuberosa  (Paine)  Greene.  Tuberous  White  Water  Lily.  Tribu- 
taries of  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Shelburne,  (Pringle)  ; 
Burlington,   (Grout  and  Tracy). 

NYMPHAEA  (Tourn.)  L.     Yellow  Pond  Lily.     Spatter  Dock 

Jf.  advena  Ait.  Cow  Lily,  Large  Yellow  Pond  Lily.  Ponds  and  slow 
streams;   common.     June- Aug. 

y,  microphylla  Pers.  Small  Yellow  Pond  Lily,  Ponds  and  slow 
streams;  frequent.     June-Aug. 

X  ?  X.  riibrodisca  (Morong)  Greene.  La  Plot  River,  Shelburne,  (Prin- 
gle).    June-Aug. 

RANUNCULACEAE.     CROWFOOT  FAMILY 

ACTAEA  L.     Baneberry.     Cohosh 

A.  alba  (L.)  Mill.  White  Baneberry,  Doll's  Eyes.  Rich  woods;  com- 
mon.   May. 

A.  rubra   (Ait.)  Willd.     Red  Baneberry.     Rich  woods;   common.     May. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  41 

ANEMONE  (Tourn.)  L.     Anemone 

A.  canadensis  L.  Round-headed  Anemone.  Moist  rocky  banks;  fre- 
quent.    May,   June. 

A.  cylindrica  Gray.  Long-fruited  Anemone.  Dry  woods  and  fields; 
frequent.     June,  July. 

A.  multifida  Poir.  Cut-leaved  Anemone.  Ledgy  shores;  rare.  June. 
Colchester  and  Burlington,    (Robbins,   Torrey). 

A,  quinquefolia  L.  Wood  Anemone,  Wind  Flower.  Margin  of  woods; 
common.     May. 

A.  riparia  Fern.     Gravelly  and  rocky  banks;  frequent.     June,  July. 

A.  yirginiana  L.     Tall  Anemone.     Woods  and  meadows ;  common.   June, 

July. 

AQUILEGIA   (Tourn.)   L.     Coeumbine 

A.  canadensis  L.  Wild  Columbine.  Rocky  places  and  dry  sandy  plains; 
common.    May,   June. 

A,  vuEGARis  L.  Garden  Columbine.  Common  in  cultivation  and  a  rare 
roadside  escape.     June.     Colchester,  (Jones);  Williston,  (N.  F,  F.). 

CALTHA  (Rupp.)  L.     Marsh  Marigold 

C«  palustris  L.  Cowslips.  Swamps  and  wet  meadows;  common.  Apr., 
May. 

CIMICIFUGA  L.     Bugbane 

C.  racemosa  (L.)  Nutt.  Black  Snakeroot,  Black  Cohosh.  U.  V.  M. 
Herb.,  Torrey  collection.  There  is  no  locality  on  the  label,  but 
there  is  very  little  doubt  that  this  was  collected  in  Burlington, 
fifty  years  or  so  ago.     July. 

CLEMATIS  L.     Virgin's  Bower 

C.  Terticillaris  DC.     Purple  Clematis.     Rocky  woods;   frequent.     May. 

C.  yirgiuiana  L.  Wild  Clematis,  Virgin's  Bower,  Traveler's  Joy.  River 
banks  and  moist  thickets;   common.     July,  Aug. 

COPTIS  Salisb.     Goldthread 

C.  trifolia  (L.)  Salisb.     Canker-root.     Wet  woods;  common.    Apr.,  May. 

HEPATICA    (Rupp.)    Hill.     Liverleaf.     Hepatica 

H.  acutiloba  DC.     Sharp-lobed  Liverleaf.     Woods;  frequent.    Apr.,  May. 


42  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

H.  triloba  Chaix.  Round-lobed  Liverleaf.  Warm  open  woods;  com- 
mon. Apr.,  May.  Interesting  variations  in  leaf  and  flower  char- 
acters have  been  observed.* 

HYDRASTIS  Ellis.     Oraxge-root.     Yki^low  Puccoon 

H,  canadensis  L.  Golden  Seal.  Rich  woods;  rare.  May.  Shelburne, 
(Horsford). 

RANUNCULUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Crowfoot.     Buttercup 

K.  abortivus  L.  Small-flowered  Crowfoot.  Shady  banks;  common. 
Apr.-June. 

It.  abortirus  L.,  var.  eucyclus  Fern.  Shady  bank,  Burlington,  (N.  F. 
F.).     May,  June. 

R.  ACRis  L.  Tall  Crowfoot  or  Buttercup.  Everywhere  as  a  weed  in 
grass  lands.  May-Oct.  Var.  Steveni  (Andrz.)  Lange.  Grass 
lands;    frequent.     May-Oct. 

11,  aquatilis  L.,  var.  capillaceus  DC.  Common  White  Water  Crowfoot. 
In  slow  water;  rare.     June,  July.     Colchester,  (Griffin). 

E,  BUEBOSUS  L.  Bulbous  Crowfoot  or  Buttercup.  Introduced  in  field. 
South  Burlington,   (Collins).     May,  June. 

B.  circinatus  Sibth.  Stiff  Water  Crowfoot.  La  Plot  River,  Shelburne, 
(Torrey).     June-Aug. 

R.  delphinifolius  Torr.  Yellow  Water  Crowfoot.  Still  water  and  muddy 
banks;  occasional.  May,  June.  Var.  terrEstris  (Gray)  Farwell 
Occasional.  This  seems  to  be  the  form  the  species  takes  when 
rooting  out  of  water  or  left  in  the  mud  of  drying  ponds. 

li.  riamniula  L.,  var.  reptans  (L.)  Mey.  Creeping  Spearwort.  Gravelly 
or  sandy  shores;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

R.  peunsylvanicus  L.  f.  Bristly  Crowfoot.  Wet  places;  frequent.  July, 
Aug. 

R.  recurvatus  Poir.  Hooked  Crowfoot.  Moist  woods;  frequent.  May, 
June. 

R.  REPENS  L.  Creeping  Buttercup.  Adventive  in  lawns,  Burlington, 
(Jones,  Mrs.   Forbes).     June,  July. 

R.  sceleratus  L.  Cursed  Crowfoot.  Wet  ditches  and  low  grounds; 
local.     June,   July.     Colchester   and   Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 


*See   "Vagaries   of    Hepatica"    by    F.    A.    Ross    in    Torreya,    Vol.    3.      (Apr., 
iyOo) . 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  43 

R.   septentrionalis    Poir.     Swamp   Buttercup.      Wet   places;    frequent. 
May,  June. 

THALICTRUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Meadow    Rue 

T.   confine   Fern.     Rocky   shore   of   Lake   Champlain,   Burlington,    (N. 

F.  F.).     July-Sept. 
T.  dioiciim  L.     Early  Meadow  Rue.     Rocky  woodlands;  common.    Apr., 

May. 
T,  polyg'amum   Muhl.     Tall   Meadow   Rue.     Moist   meadows;    common. 

June,   July. 

BERBERIDACEAE.  BARBERRY  FAMILY 

BERBERIS    (Tourn.)    L.     Barberry 

B.  VULGARIS  L.     Common  Barberry.     A  frequent  escape  from  cultiva- 
tion.    May,    June. 

CAULOPHYLLUM  Michx.     BeuE  Cohosh 

C.  thalictroides    (L.)   Michx.     Pappoose  Root.     Rich  woods;   common. 

Apr.,  May. 

LAURACEAE.  LAUREL  FAMILY 

BENZOIN   Fabric.     Wild  Allspice.     Fever   Bush 

B.  aestirale    (L.)   Nees.     Spice  Bush,  Benjamin  Bush.     Damp  woods. 

Apr.,  May.     Abundant  at  the  one  station,   South   Burlington,    (N. 
F.  F.). 

PAPAVERACEAE.     POPPY  FAMILY 

CHELIDONIUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Celandine 

C.  majus  L.     Waste  places;    frequent.     May-Aug. 

PAP  AVER   (Tourn.)   L.     Poppy 

P.   Rhoeas    L.     Corn    Poppy.     Persistent    in    garden,    Burlington,    (N. 
F,  F.).     June-Sept.    This  is  the  commonly  cultivated  Shirley  poppy. 

SANGUINARIA   (Dill.)    L.     Bloodroot 
S.  canadensis  L.     Borders  of  rich  woods;   common.     Apr.,  May. 


44  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

FUMARIACEAE.     FUMITORY   FAMILY 

ADLUMIA  Raf.     Climbing  Fumitory 

A.  fuugosa    (Ait.)    Greene.     Mountain   Fringe,  Allegheny  Vine.      Rich 
rocky  woods;    occasional.     July-Sept. 

CORYDALIS    (Dill.)    Medic. 

C,  anrea  Willd.     Golden  Corydalis.     Rocky  banks;    rare.      Apr.- June. 
Burlington,    (Torrey) ;    Colchester,    (GrifRn). 

C.  sempervireus  (L.)  Pers.     Pale  or  Pink  Corydalis.    Rocky  woodlands; 

frequent.     May-Aug. 

DICENTRA  Bernh. 

D,  canadensis    (Goldie)    Walp.     Squirrel    Corn.      Rich    woods;    rare. 
Apr.,  May.     Shelburne,  (Torrey) ;   South  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.). 

D,  Cucullaria  (L.)  Bernh.     Dutchman's  Breeches.     Rich  woods;  occa- 
sional.    Apr.,  May. 

FUMARIA  (Tourn.)  L.     Fumitory 

F.  officinalis  L.     Common  Fumitory.     Persistent  in  old   garden,  Es- 
sex, (Jones).     June- Aug. 

CRUCIFERAE.     MUSTARD  FAMILY 

ARABIS   L.     Rock   Crfss 

A.  brachycarpa    (T.  &  G.)   Britton.     Purple  Rock  Cress.     Sandy  soil, 
rocky  banks,  etc.;  frequent.     June,  July. 

A.  Drummondii  Gray.    Rocky  places;   occasional.     May,  June. 

A.  glabra  (L.)  Bernh.     Tower  Mustard.    Rocks  and  fields;  occasional. 
June. 

A.  hirsuta    (L.)    Scop.     Hairy   Rock  Cress.    Rocky   places;    frequent. 
June. 

A.  laeyigata  (Muhl.)  Poir.     Smooth  Rock  Cress.     Rocky  places;  occa- 

sional.   May,    June. 

BARBAREA  R.  Br.     Winter  Cress 

B,  stricta  Andrz.     Erect-fruited  Winter  Cress.     Roadsides  and  mead- 

ows;   common.     May,    June. 


FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  45 

H.  VULGARIS  R.  Br.  Common  Winter  Cress,  Yellow  Rocket.  Low 
grounds  and  roadsides;  rare.  May,  June.  South  Burlington, 
(N.    F.    F.). 

BERTEROA    DC. 

B.  INCANA  (L.)  DC.  Hoary  Alyssum.  A  weed  in  lawns  and  by  way- 
sides. First  noticed  in  Burlington,  (Miss  Towle),  1895,  but  now 
becoming  frequent.     June-Oct. 

BRASSICA   (Tourn.)   L.     Mustard.     Turnip 

B.  ARVENSis   (L.)   Ktze.     Charlock.     A  weed  in  fields;   common.     June- 

.     Oct. 
B.  CAMPESTRis  L.     Rutabaga.     Fields;  frequent.     June-Oct. 
B.  juNCEA    (L.)    Cosson.     Indian  Mustard.     Fields;    occasional.     June- 
Oct. 

B.  NIGRA  (L.)  Koch.     Black  Mustard.     Waste  places;  rarely  seen.    July- 

Sept.     Burlington,    (N.    F.    F.). 

CAMELINA  Crantz.     False  Flax 

C.  microcarpa  Andrz.     Fields,  etc.;   occasional.     June,  July. 

CAPSELLA  Medic.     Shepherd's  Purse 

C.  Bursa-pastoris   (L.)  Medic.     A  common  weed.     Apr. -Oct. 

CARDAMINE   (Tourn.)   L.     Bitter  Cress 

C.  parviflora  L.  Small  Bitter  Cress.  Dry  rocky  woods;  occasional. 
May,    June. 

C.  peiinsylTanica    Muhl.     Bitter    Cress.     Cold    wet    woods    and    moist 

ground;    common.     May,   June. 

DENTARIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Tooth  wort.     PeppER-root 

D.  diphylla  Michx.     Two-leaved  Toothwort  or  Pepper-root.    Rich  moist 

woods;    occasional.    May. 

D.  laciiiiata  Muhl.  Cut-leaved  Toothwort  or  Pepper-root.  Rich  damp 
woods;  rare.  May.  South  Burlington,  (Torrey)  ;  Shelburne, 
(Pringle). 

D.  maxima  Nutt.  Large  Toothwort  or  Pepper-root.  Rich  moist  woods; 
rare.  May.  Shelburne,  (Pringle);  South  Burlington,  (Perkins); 
Colchester,    (Griffin). 


46  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

DRABA    (Dill.)    L.     Whitlow-grass 

D.  arabisaus  Michx.     Twisted  Whitlow-grass.    Rocky  cliffs;  rare.    May, 

June.     Burlington,    (Torrey). 

ERYSIMUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Treacle  Mustard 

E.  cheiranthoidES  L.     Worm-seed  Mustard.    Fields  and  railroad  yards; 

occasional.     July-Oct. 

LEPIDIUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Pepper  wort.     PeppErgrass 

L.  apetalum  Willd.  Wild  Peppergrass.  Dry  soil,  especially  along  rail- 
roads;   common.     June-Oct. 

L,  campestrE  (L.)  R.  Br.  Field  or  Cow  Cress.  Fields  and  roadsides; 
rare.     June.     Burlington,    (Jones). 

L.  viRGiNicuM  L.  Wild  Peppergrass.  Dry  soil,  especially  along  rail- 
roads;   common.     June-Oct. 

LOBULARIA  Desv.     SwEET  Alyssum 

L.  maritima  (L.)  Desv.  Occasionally  spontaneous  in  gardens  and 
waste   places.     July-Sept. 

RADICULA    (Dill.)    Hill.     Water   Cress 

R.  aquatica  (Eat.)  Robins.  Lake  Cress.  Lakes  and  rivers;  rare.  July, 
Aug.  La  Plot  River,  Shelburne,  (Pringle) ;  Malletts  Creek,  Col- 
chester,   (Griffin). 

K,  Armoracia  (L.)  Robins.  Horseradish.  A  frequent  escape  to  moist 
grounds.     May,  June. 

U,  palustris  (L.)  Moench.  Marsh  Cress.  Wet  places;  occasional. 
June,   July.     Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 

K.  palustris  (L.)  Moench,  var.  hispida  (Desv.)  Robins.  Hairy  Marsh 
Cress.     Wet   places;    frequent.     June,   July. 

K.  SYEvESTRis  (L.)  Druce.  Yellow  Cress.  A  weed  in  cultivated  ground 
and  wet  meadow,  South  Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.).     June. 

SISYMBRIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Hedge  Mustard 

S.  aetissimum  L.  Tumble  Mustard.  First  introduced  a  few  years  ago, 
but  already  becoming  a  common  weed  in  fields,  roadsides,  etc. 
June-Oct. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  4*7 

)S*  OFFICINAI.E:  (L.)  Scop.,  var.  leiocarpum  DC.  Common  Hedge  Mus- 
tard. A  common  weed  in  waste  places  and  cultivated  grounds. 
June-Oct. 

THLASPI   (Tourn.)   L.     Penny  Cress 

T.  ARVENSE  L.  Field  Penny  Cress,  Mithridate  Mustard.  Waste  places; 
occasional.     June.     Burlington,    (Jones,   N.    F.   F.). 

CAPPARIDACEAE.     CAPER   FAMILY 

POLANISIA   Raf. 

P.  graveoleiis  Raf.  Clammy-weed.  Sandy  shore  of  Lake  Champlain; 
common.     July,  Aug. 

SARRACENIACEAE.     PITCHER=PLANT   FAMILY 

SARRACENIA   (Tourn.)   L. 

S.  purpurea  L.  Side-saddle  Flower,  Pitcher-plant,  Huntsman's  Cup. 
Sphagnum  bogs;  frequent.     June, 

DROSERACEAE.     SUNDEW   FAMILY 

DROSERA  L.     Sundew 

D.  longifolia  L.  Long-leaved  Sundew.  Bogs;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Col- 
chester,   (Pringle,   Griffin). 

D.  rotundifolia  L.  Round-leaved  Sundew.  Bogs  and  wet  banks;  fre- 
quent.    July,  Aug. 

CRASSULACEAE.     ORPINE   FAMILY 

PENTHORUM    (Gronov.)    L.     Ditch    Stonecrop 
P.  sedoides  L.     Ditches  and  swamps;    frequent.     July-Sept. 

SBDUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Stonecrop.     Orpine 
S.  acre  L.     Mossy  Stonecrop.     On  rocks;   occasional.     June,  July. 

S.  PURPUREUM  Tausch.  (S.  triphyllum  (Haw.)  Gray)  Garden  Orpine, 
Live-for-ever.     Fields   and   roadsides;    common.     Aug.,    Sept. 


48  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

S.  TELEPHioiDES  Michx.  American  Orpine.  A  roadside  escape  in  sandy 
soil,   Colchester,    (N.    F.   F.).     Sept. 

SAXIFRAGACEAE.     SAXIFRAGE  FAMILY 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Golden  Saxifrage 
C.  americanum  Schwein.     Wet  shady  places;   frequent.     May,  June. 
MITELLA    (Tourn.)    L.     Miterwort.     Bishop's   Cap 

M.  diphylla  L.     Two-leaved  Miterwort.     Rich  woods;    common.     Apr., 

May. 
M.  iiuda  L.     Naked  Miterwort.     Deep  moist  woods,  in  moss ;  rare.     May, 

June.     South  Burlington,    (Jones);    Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 

PARNASSIA  (Tourn.)  L.     Grass  oe  Parnassus 

P.  earoliuiana  Michx.  Wet  banks;  rare.  Aug.  South  Burlington, 
(Torrey,   Ross);    Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.). 

RIBES  L.    Currant.    Gooseberry 

R.  aurEum  Pursh.  (R.  odoratum  Wend.)  Missouri  or  Buffalo  Cur- 
rant.    Occasionally  persistent  about  old  building  sites.    May. 

R.  Cynosbati  L.  Prickly  Gooseberry,  Dogberry.  Rocky  woods;  com- 
mon.   May. 

R.  floridum  L'Her.  (R.  americanum  Mill.)  Wild  Black  Currant.  Moist 
rich  woods;    frequent.     May,  June. 

R.  triste  Pall.     Swamp  Red  Currant.     Cold  swamps;  occasional.    May. 

R,  vulgare  Lam.  Garden  Red  Currant.  Common  in  cultivation  and 
occasional  as  an  escape  in  fence-rows  and  waste  places.  Apr., 
May. 

SAXIFRAGA   (Tourn.)  L.     Saxifrage 

S.  peunsylyanica  L.     Swamp  Saxifrage.    Bogs;  rare.     May,  June.    South 

Burlington,    (Benedict,  N.  F.  F.). 

S.  Tirginiensis  Michx.  Early  Saxifrage.  Exposed  rocks  and  dry  hill- 
sides;   common.     Apr.,   May. 

TIARELLA  L.     False  Miterwort 

Tv  cordifolia  L.  Foam-flower.  Rich  moist  woods;  common.  May, 
June. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  49 

HAMAMELIDACEAE.     WITCH=HAZEL  FAMILY 

HAMAMELIS    L.     Witch-hazef. 
H.  Tirginiaua  L.     Low  woods;  common.     Oct. 

PLATANACEAE.     PLANE  TREE  FAMILY 

PLATANUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Svc.k.mokiv.     Buttonwood 
P.  occidentalis  L.     Plane  Tree.     Alluvial  banks;   frequent.     May. 

ROSACEAE.     ROSE  FAMILY 

AGRIMONIA   (Tourn.)   L.     Agrimony 

A.  gryposepala  Wallr.  Tall  Hairy  Agrimony.  Roadsides  and  borders 
of  woods;    frequent.     July-Sept. 

A.  striata  Michx.  Woodland  Agrimony.  Woods  and  thickets;  occa- 
sional.    July,  Aug. 

AMELANCHIER   Medic.     Juneberrv 

A.  cauadeusis  (L.)  Medic.  Shad  Bush,  Service  Berry.  Woods;  com- 
mon.    Apr.,  May. 

A,  oblougifolia  (T.  &  G.)  Roem.  Rock  Shad  Bush.  Moist  woods  and 
rocky  uplands;   frequent.     May. 

A.  spicata  (Lam.)  Koch.  Shore  Shad  Bush.  Banks  of  streams  and 
sandy  soil;    frequent.     May. 

CRATAEGUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Hawthorn.     White  Thorn 

C.  alnoruni  Sarg.     Burlington,   (Eggleston).     Fl.  May;  fr.  Sept. 

C.  apposita  Sarg.     Burlington,   (Edson).     Fl.  May,  June;   fr.  Oct. 

r.  macracaiitba  Lodd.  Burlington  and  South  Burlington,  (Edson).  Fl. 
May;   fr.  Sept. 

C*  macro sperma  Ashe.  Burlington,  (Edson);  Essex,  (Jones).  Fl. 
May;  fr.  Sept.  Var.  matura  (Sarg.)  Eggl.  Burlington,  (Eggles- 
ton).    Fl.  May;  fr.  Aug.,  Sept. 

C.  Oxyacantha  L.  (C.  monogyna  Jacq.)  English  Hawthorn.  Natural- 
ized in  ravines  about  Burlington,  (Jones).     Fl.  May;  fr.  Sept. 


50  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

C.  pruinosa  (Wendl.)  Koch.  Buiiington,  (Edson).  Fl.  May;  fr.  Oct., 
Nov.     Var,  philadelphica   (Sarg.)  Eggl.     Burlington,   (Eggleston), 

C.  punctata  Jacq.  South  Burlington,  (Jones);  Burlington,  (Edson). 
Fl.  May,  June;  fr.  Oct. 

C,  rotuiidifolia  Moench.     Burlington,    (Edson).     Fl.  May;    fr.  Sept. 

C.  sihicola  Beadle,  var.  Beckwitliae   (Sarg.)   Eggl.     Burlington,   (Eg- 

gleston).    FL  May;   fr.  Oct. 

DALIBARDA    Kalm. 

D.  repens  L.     Cool   moist   woods;    frequent.     July. 

FILIPENDULA   (Tourn.)    Hill. 

F.  VULGARIS  Moench.  Dropwort.  A  garden  escape  well  established 
by  roadside,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).  Station  destroyed  by  street 
improvements  in   1908.     June. 

FRAGARIA  (Tourn.)  L.     Strawberry 

F.  vesca  L.,  var.  americaua  Porter.  Wood  Strawberry.  Woods;  com- 
mon.    Apr.- June. 

F.  Tirgiuiaiia  Duch.     Wild  Strawberry.     Fields;    common.     Apr.,  May. 

GEUM    L.     AvENS 

G.  caiiadense  Jacq.     White  Avens.     Borders  of  woods;  common.     July, 

Aug. 

G.  riyale  L.  Water  or  Purple  Avens.  Bogs  or  wet  meadows;  occa- 
sional.    May,   June. 

G.  strictiim  Ait.     Yellow  Avens.    Moist  meadows;  common.     July,  Aug. 

G.  virginiaiiTim  L.  Rough  Avens.  Low  grounds;  rare.  July.  Bur- 
lington,  (N.  F.  F.). 

POTENTILLA    L.     Cinquefoil.     Five-finger 

P.  Anseriiia  L.  Silver  Weed.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain;  common. 
June-Aug. 

P.  anseriua  L.,  var.  concolor  Ser.  (Var.  sericea  Hayne)  Shore  of 
Lake  Champlain,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).     Aug. 

P,  argeutea  L.  Silvery  Cinquefoil.  Dry  barren  fields;  common.  June- 
Sept. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  51 

P.    arguta    Pursh.     Tall    Cinqiiefoil.     Rocky    hills;    rare.     June,    July. 
South  Burlington,    (Jones);    Colchester,    (Griflfin). 

P.  canadensis   L.,  var.   simplex    (Michx.)    T.   &   G.     Five-finger.      Dry 
sandy  soil;   common.     May-July. 

P.  friiticosa  L.     Shrubby  Cinquefoil.     Frequent  in  the  boggy  meadows 
in  the  vicinity  of  Winooski  Gorge.     May-Sept. 

P.  monspeliensis  L.     Rough  Cinquefoil.     Dry  soil;  common.    May- Aug. 

P.  palustris  (L.)  Scop.     Marsh  Cinquefoil.     Cool  bogs;  frequent.    June, 
July. 

P.  RECTA  L.     Adventive  in   lawn,  Burlington^    (Hazen).     Aug. 

PRUNUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Pi.um.     Cherry 

P.  cuneata  Raf.     Appalachian  Cherry.     Sandy  shores  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain  and  on  the  sand  plains;    frequent.     May. 

P.  nigra  Ait.     Wild  or  Canada  Plum.     Woods  and  fencerows;  frequent. 
Apr.,  May. 

P.  pennsylvanica   L.   f.     Wild   Red,   Bird,   Fire,   or   Pin   Cherry.      Dry 
woods  and  clearings;    common.     Apr.,  May. 

P.  pumila   L.     Sand   Cherry.     Rocky   shore   of  Winooski   River;    rare. 
May. 

P,  serotina  Ehrh.     Wild  Black  or  Rum  Cherry.     Woodlands;  frequent. 
May,  June. 

P.  Yirginiana  L.     Choke  Cherry.     Fencerows,  woods  and  banks;   com- 
mon.    May,  June. 

PYRUS    (Tourn.)    L. 

P.   americana    (Marsh.)    DC.     American   Mountain   Ash.     Wet   woods; 
occasional.     May,   June. 

P.  arlmtifolia  (L.)  L.  f.     Red  Chokeberry.    Swamp,  Burlington,  (Rand). 
May,  June. 

P.  arbutifolia  (L.)  L.  f.,  var.  atropurpurea   (Britton)   Robins.     Purple 
Chokeberry.     Swamp,  South  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).     May,  June. 

P.  AucuPARiA  (L.)  Ehrh.     European  Mountain  Ash,  Rowan  Tree.    Nat- 
uralized and  frequent  about  Burlington.     May. 

P.  Malus   L.     Apple.     Fencerows   and    roadsides;    frequent.     May. 

P.  melanocarpa  (Michx.)  Willd.     Black  Chokeberry.    Moist  woods,  and 
also   rocky   uplands;    common.     May,   June. 


52  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

ROSA    (Tourn.)    L.     Rose 

R.  acicularis  Lindl.,  var.  Bourgeauiana  Crepin.  Prickly  Rose.  Ledges, 
rocky  woods,   etc.;    rare.     June,   July,     Burlington,    (Brainerd). 

R.  blanda  Ait.  Smooth  Rose,  Roadsides  and  ledges;  frequent.  June, 
July, 

R.  Carolina  L.  Swamp  Rose.  Borders  of  swamps  and  streams;  occa- 
sional.    June,    July. 

R,  ciNNAMOMEA  L.  Ciunamon  Rose.  Once  much  cultivated  and  now 
established  by  roadsides,  etc.;  occasional.  June,  July.  South 
Burlington,   (Jones);    Colchester,   (N,  F.  F.), 

R,  hnmilis  Marsh,     Pasture  Rose.     Rocky  slopes;  frequent.    June,  July. 

R,  RUBiGiNOSA  L.  Sweetbrier,  Eglantine.  Old  pastures;  frequent. 
June,  July. 

RUBUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Brambi^e 

R.  allegheuiensis  Porter.  High-bush  Blackberry.  Dry  open  thickets 
and  recent  clearings;   frequent.    May,  June. 

R.  liispidns  L,  Running  Swamp  Blackberry,  Swamp  Dewberry.  Moist 
woods;    frequent,     June,   July. 

R.  idaeus  L.,  var.  aculeatissimus  (Mey.)  Regel  &  Tiling.  (R.  idaeus  L., 
var,  canadensis  Rich.)  Wild  Red  Raspberry.  Thickets  and  clear- 
ings;   common.    May,  June. 

X  ?  R.  ueglectus  Peck.  Purple  Raspberry.  Rocky  woods,  gravelly 
banks,  etc.;  occasional.    May,  June. 

R,  occidentalis  L.  Black  Raspberry,  Thimbleberry.  Copses,  fence- 
rows,  etc;  frequent.  May,  June.  Forma  paludus  (Bailey)  Rob- 
ins.    Fencerow,  Burlington,   (Sprague), 

R.  odoratus  L.  Purple  Flowering  Raspberry,  Moist  shaded  hillsides; 
common.    July,  Aug, 

R.  recurvans  Blanch.  Recurved  Blackberry.  Open  soil,  thickets,  etc.; 
occasional,     June. 

R.  tritlorus  Richards.  (R.  pubescens  Raf.)  Dwarf  or  Running  Rasp- 
berry, Red  Dewberry,     Wet  woods;    frequent.     May,  June. 

R.  villosus  Ait.  Black  Dewberry.  Dry  open  places;  occasional.  May, 
June. 


FLORA   OP  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  53 

SANGUISORBA   (Rupp.)    L.     Bl^rnet 

S.  MINOR  Scop.  Garden  Burnet.  Established  in  grass  lands,  Shel- 
burne,    (N.   F.    F.).     .lune. 

SORBARIA  A.  Br. 

8.  SORBIFOLIA  (L.)  A.  Br.  Ash-leaved  Spiraea.  An  occasional  escape 
to' copses  and  roadsides,  where  it  is  well  established.     June. 

SPIRAEA   (Tourn.)    L. 

S.  latifolia  (Ait.)  Borkh.  Meadow-sweet,  Queen  of  the  Meadow.  Wet 
meadows  and  rocky  pastures;   common.     July,  Aug. 

S.  toineiitosa  L.  Hardback,  Steeple  Bush.  Low  grounds;  common. 
July,  Aug. 

WALDSTEINIA  Willd. 

W.  fragarioides  (Michx.)  Tratt.  Barren  Strawberry.  Wooded  hill- 
sides;   frequent.     Apr.,  May. 

LEGUMINOSAE.     PULSE  FAMILY 

AMPHICARPA  Ell.     Hog   Peanut 

A.  moiioica   (L.)   Ell.     Rich  damp  woodlands;    common.     July-Sept. 

APIOS   (Boerh.)    Ludwig.     Groundnut.     Wild  Bean 
A.  tuberosa  Moench.     Low  moist  ground;   frequent.     July-Sept. 

ASTRAGALUS   (Tourn.)   L.     Miek  Vetch 

A.  canadensis  L.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  July,  Aug.  South 
Burlington,  (Torrey) ;  Colchester,  (Griffin). 

A.  BebMnsii  (Oakes)  Gray.  On  limestone  rocks,  Winooski  Gorge, 
(Robbins),  This,  the  only  known  station  in  Vermont,  was  de- 
stroyed in  1894  when  the  new  dam  flooded  the  rocks. 

CICER   L. 

C.  ARiETiNUM  L.     Chick-pea.     Adventive  on  railway  embankment,  Col- 

chester,   (N.  F.   F.).     Sept.,  Oct. 

DESMODIUM  Desv.     Tick  Treeoil 

D,  canadense  (L.)   DC.     Showy  Tick  Trefoil.     Open  woods  and  banks 

of  streams;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 


54  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

D.  Dillenii  Darl,     Open  woodlands;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

D.  grandiflomm  (Walt.)  DC.     Rich  woods;   common.     July,  Aug. 

D.  nudiflorum   (L.)   DC.     Dry  woods;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 

LATHYRUS   (Tourn.)   L.     Vetchung.     Everlasting  Pea 

L.  maritiinus  (L.)  Bigel.  Beach  Pea.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain; 
occasional.     June-Aug.     A  white-flowered  form  occurs. 

L.  ochroleucus  Hook.  Cream-colored  Vetchling.  Headlands  of  Lake 
Champlain;  rare.  June,  July.  South  Burlington,  (Torrey) ;  Col- 
chester,  (N.  F.  F.). 

L*  palustris  L.  Marsh  Pea.  Shores  of  Lake  Champlain;  occasional. 
July. 

LESPEDEZA   Michx.     Bush    Clover 

L,  capitata  Michx.     Sandy  soil;    occasional.     Aug. 

LUPINUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Lupine 

L.  PERENNis  L.     Wild  Lupine.     Sand  plains;    frequent.     May,  June. 

MEDIC  AGO    (Tourn.)   L.     Medick 

M.  ARABiCA  (L.)  Huds.  Spotted  Medick.  Adventive  at  Experiment 
Farm,   Burlington,    (Jones).     June-Aug. 

M.  HispiDA  Gaertn.  Bur  Clover.  Adventive  at  Experiment  Farm,  Bur- 
lington,  (Jones).     June. 

M,  LUPULiNA  L.  Black  Medick,  Nonesuch.  Roadsides  and  fields;  com- 
mon.   May-Sept. 

M.  SATiVA  L,  Lucerne,  Alfalfa.  Often  cultivated  and  occasionally 
spontaneous.     June,    July. 

MELILOTUS    (Tourn.)    Hill.     SwEET    Clover.     Melilot 

M.  ALBA  Desr.  White  Melilot  or  Sweet  Clover.  Waste  grounds  and 
along   railroads;    frequent.     June-Oct. 

M.  OFFICINALIS  (L.)  Lam.  Yellow  Melilot  or  Sweet  Clover.  Roadsides 
and  waste  places;  occasional.     June-Aug. 

ONOBRYCHIS    L.     Sainfoin 

0.  SATivA  Lam.  Adventive  at  Experiment  Farm,  Burlington,  (Jones). 
June. 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  55 

ROBINIA  L.     Locust 

R,  Pseudo-Acacia  L.  Common  Locust,  False  Acacia.  Frequent  in  cul- 
tivation and  thoroughly  naturalized.     June. 

R,  viscosA  Vent.  Clammy  Locust.  An  established  roadside  escape, 
South  Burlington  and  Colchester,    (N.  F.  F.).     June. 

TRIFOLIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Clover.     Trefoil 

T,  AGRARiuM  L.  Yellow  or  Hop  Clover.  Sandy  soil;  frequent.  May- 
Aug. 

T,  ARVENSE  L.  Rabbit-foot  or  Stone  Clover.  Dry  sandy  soil;  common, 
July-Sept. 

T.  HYBRiDUM  L.  Alsike  Clover.  Fields  and  roadsides;  common.  May- 
Aug. 

T.  MEDIUM  L.  Zigzag  Clover.  Adventive  at  Experiment  Farm,  Bur- 
lington,   (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

T.  PRATENSE  L.  Red  Clover.  Fields  and  roadsides;  common.  May- 
Sept. 

T.  PROCUMBENS  L.  Low  Hop  Clover.  Railway  embankment  and  lumber 
yards;   rare.     June,  July.     Burlington,    (Kirk,  N.  F.  F.). 

T.  repens  L.  White  Clover.  Fields  and  roadsides;  common.  May, 
June. 

VICIA  (Tourn.)  L.     Vetch.     Tare 

V.  ANGUSTIEOLIA  Reich.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  segetalis  (Thuill.) 
Koch.  Common  Vetch.  Roadsides,  waste  places,  etc.;  common. 
June-Aug.  A  white-flowered  form  occurs  on  rocky  bluff  and  beach 
of  Lake  Champlain,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

V.  Cracca  L.  Blue  Vetch.  Meadows  and  roadsides;  frequent.  June- 
Aug. 

V.  tetrasperma  (L.)  Moench.  Slender  Vetch.  In  cultivated  field,  Bur- 
lington, (Ross).     June,  July. 

LINACEAE.     FLAX  FAMILY 

LINUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Flax 

L.  usitatissimum  L.  Common  Flax.  Occasionally  adventive.  .  July- 
Sept. 


56  FLORA   OP   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

OXALIDACEAE.     WOOD   SORREL   FAMILY 

OXALIS  L.     Wood  Sorrei. 

0.  Acetosella  L.  Common  Wood  Sorrel.  Cool  moist  woods;  occa- 
sional.    June. 

0.  corniculata  L.  Lady's  Sorrel.  Fields  and  gardens;  common.  June- 
Sept. 

0.  stricta  L.  Yellow  Wood  Sorrel.  Dry  or  sandy  soil;  occasional. 
June-Sept. 

GERANIACEAE.     GERANIUM  FAMILY 

ERODIUM  L'Her.     Storksbill 

E.  BoTRYs  Bertol.  On  wool  waste,  bank  of  Winooski  River,  Burling- 
ton,   (Brainerd).     Sept.,   Oct. 

E.  cicuTARiuM   (L.)  L'Her.     Storksbill.     Old  garden,  Burlington,  (Mrs. 

Grout);   Experiment  Farm,  Burlington,    (Jones).     July,  Aug. 
E.  MOSCHATUM  (L.)  L'Hcr.     Musk  Storksbill.     On  wool  waste,  bank  of 

Winooski  River,  Burlington,   (Brainerd).     Sept.,  Oct. 

GERANIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Cranesbill 

G.  Bickiiellii  Britton.     Dry  rocky  places;    frequent.     May,   June. 

G.  maculatum  L.  Wild  Cranesbill.  Open  woods  and  fields;  occasional. 
May,  June. 

G.  Kobertiauum  L.  Herb  Robert.  Rocky  woods  and  ravines;  common. 
May-July. 

RUTACEAE.     RUE   FAMILY 

ZANTHOXYLUM  L.     Prickly  Ash 

Z.  americanum  Mill.    Northern  Pricklv  Ash,  Toothache  Tree.     Rocky    j 
woods  and  river  banks;   occasional.     Apr.,  May. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  57 

POLYGALACEAE.     MILKWORT    FAMILY 

POL YG ALA    (Toiirn.)    L.     Milkwort 

P.  paucifolia  Willd.  Fringed  Polygala,  Flowering  Wintergreen.  Woods, 
in  light  soil;  common.  May.  A  white-flowered  form  occurs,  Bur- 
lington,  ( Bigelow ) . 

P.  polygama  Walt.  Racemed  Milkwort.  Dry  sandy  soil;  occasional. 
June,  July. 

P.  sauguluea  L.  Field  or  Purple  Milkwort,  Moist  sandy  soil;  rare. 
July-Sept.     Burlington,    (N.    F.    F.). 

P.  Senega  L.     Seneca  Snakeroot.     Rocky  soil;    frequent.     May,   June. 

P.  yerticillata  L.,  var.  ambigua  (Nutt.)  Wood.  Loose-spiked  Milk- 
wort.    Dry  sandy  soil;  rare.     Aug.     Burlington,   (Howe). 

EUPHORBIACEAE.  SPURGE  FAMILY 

ACALYPHA  L.     Three-seeded  Mercury 

A.  yirgiiiica  L.     Moist  hollows  in  fields;   frequent.     July-Sept. 

EUPHORBIA  L.     Spurge 

E.  coROELATA  L.  Floweriug  Spurge.  Established  in  sandy  field,  Bur- 
lington,   (N.  F.  F.).     July,  Aug. 

E,  Cyparissias  L.  Cypress  Spurge,  Graveyard  Moss.  A  frequent  es- 
cape from  cultivation  about  old  houses  and  by  roadsides.  May- 
Sept. 

E.  Helioscopia  L.  Wartweed.  Gravelly  shores  and  along  Rutland 
R.  R. ;   frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

E.  hirsnta   (Torr.)   Wiegand.     Dry  sandy  soil;    common.     July-Sept. 

E.  macnlata  L.  Milk  Purslane.  Open  places,  roadsides,  etc. ;  fre- 
quent.    July-Sept. 

E.  PLATYPHYEEA  L.  Shorc  of  Lake  Champlain,  Shelburne,  (Pringle, 
N.   F.   F.).     June- Aug. 

CALLITRICHACEAE.     WATER  STARWORT  FAMILY 

CALLITRICHE   L.     Water  Starwort 
C.  palustris  L.     Quiet  water;    occasional.     July,  Aug. 


58  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

LIMNANTHACEAE.     FALSE  MERMAID  FAMILY 

FLOERKEA   Willd.     Fai.sE  Mermaid 

F.  proserpinacoides  Willd.  Bank  of  La  Plot  River,  Shelburne,  (Prln- 
gle).    May. 

ANACARDIACEAE.     CASHEW   FAMILY 

RHUS  L.     Sumach 

B»  copalliiia  L.  Dwarf  Sumach.  Rocky  hills;  rare.  July.  Colches- 
ter,   (Jones,  GrifSn). 

R.  glabra  L.  Smooth  Sumach.  Sandy  soil;  rare.  July.  Colchester, 
(N.  F.  F.,  Mrs.  Walker). 

R.  Toxicodendron  L.  Poison  Ivy,  Poison  Oak.  Banks  and  moist  thick- 
ets;   common.     June.     Var.  radicans    (L.)    Torr.     Common.     June. 

E.  typhina  L.     Staghorn  Sumach.     Hillsides;   common.     June,  July. 

E.  Ternix  L.  Poison  Sumach,  Elder  or  Dogwood.  Swamps;  rare. 
June.     Colchester,    (Grout,  Jones). 

AQUIFOLIACEAE.     HOLLY    FAMILY 

ILEX  L.    Holly 

I.  yerticillata  (L.)  Gray.  Winterberry,  Black  Alder.  Wet  thickets; 
common.     June,    July. 

I.  yerticillata  (L.)  Gray,  var.  padifolia  (Willd.)  T.  &  G.  Colchester, 
(Griffin).     June,  July. 

I.  yerticillata  (L.)  Gray,  var.  tenuifolia  (Torr.)  Wats.  Mouth  of  Wi- 
nooski  River,    (Eggleston).     June,  July. 

NEMOPANTHUS  Raf.     Mountain  Holly 

N,  mncronata  (L.)  Trel.  Cool  damp  woods  and  swamps;  frequent. 
May. 

CELASTRACEAE.  STAFF  TREE  FAMILY 

CELASTRUS  L.    Staff  Tree.     Shrubby  Bitter-sweet 

C  scaudens  L.  Waxwork,  Climbing  Bitter-sweet.  Moist  banks  and 
thickets;    common.     June. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  59 

STAPHYLEACEAE.     BLADDER  NUT  FAMILY 

STAPHYLEA  L.     Bladder  Nut 

S.  trifolia  L.  American  Bladder  Nut.  Moist  woods  and  thickets;  occa- 
sional.   May,  June. 

ACERACEAE.     MAPLE   FAMILY 

ACER   (Tourn.)   L.     Mapi,e 

A.  Negundo  L.  Box  Elder,  Ash-leaved  Maple.  Frequent  on  banks  of 
the  Winooski  River  and  common  in  cultivation  about  Burlington. 
Apr.,  May. 

A.  pennsylvanicum  L.  Striped  Maple,  Moosewood.  Rich  woods;  com- 
mon.   May. 

A.  rubrum  L.  Red  or  Swamp  Maple.  Moist  woods  and  swamps;  com- 
mon.   Apr.,  May. 

A.  sacchariuum  L.  White  or  Silver  Maple.  River  banks;  frequent. 
Apr. 

A.  saccharum  Marsh.  Sugar  or  Rock  Maple.  Rich  woods;  common. 
Apr,,  May. 

A.  saccharum  Marsh.,  var.  nigrum  (Michx.  f.)  Britton.  Black  Sugar 
Maple.  Occasionally  planted  as  a  shade  tree  in  Burlington  and 
vicinity,  and  search  will  probably  reveal  it  in  the  moist  woodlands 
bordering  the  Winooski  River  or  Lake  Champlain.     May. 

A.  spicatum  Lam.  Mountain  Maple.  Cool  ravines;  common.  May, 
June. 

SAPINDACEAE.     SOAPBERRY  FAMILY 

AESCULUS    L.     Horse-chestnut.     Buckeye 

A.  HippocASTANUM  L.  Common  Horse-chestnut.  Commonly  planted 
and  occasionally  spontaneous.     May,  June. 


60  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

BALSAMINACEAE.     TOUCH=ME=NOT  FAMILY 

IMPATIENS    (Rivin.)    L.     Balsam.     JewelweEd 

I.  biflora  Walt.  Spotted  Touch-me-not.  Moist  shady  places;  common. 
June-Sept.  A  form  with  reddish  flowers  occurs,  Colchester,  (N. 
F.  F.). 

I.  pallida  Nutt.  Pale  Touch-me-not.  Cool  moist  shady  places ;  occa- 
sional.    July-Sept. 

RHAMNACEAE.     BUCKTHORN  FAMILY 

CEANOTHUS  L.     Red-root 

C.  aniericanus  L.     New  Jersey  Tea.     Dry  woodlands;   common.     July. 
C.  OTatus  Desf.     Smaller  Red-root.     Sandy  banks  of  Lake  Champlain, 
Burlington,    (Torrey).     June. 

I    ;  RHAMNUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Buckthorn 

R.    aluifolia    L'Her.     Alder-leaved    Buckthorn.       Swamps;    occasional. 

June. 
R,  CATHARTiCA  L.     Commou  Buckthorn.      Common  in   cultivation  and 

frequently  naturalized  in  woods  and  fields.     May,  June. 

VITACEAE.     VINE  FAMILY 

PSEDERA  Neck.     Virginia  Creeper.     Woodbine 

P.  quinquefolia  (L.)  Greene,  var.  Lirsuta  (Donn)  Rehder.  Disk 
Creeper.  Clinging  closely  to  limestone  ledges,  Burlington,  (Jones). 
June. 

P.  yitaceae  (Knerr)  Greene.  Tendril  Creeper.  Moist  woods,  alluvial 
thickets,    etc.;    common.     June. 

VITIS   (Tourn.)   L.     Grape 

V.  bicolor  Le  Conte.  Summer  Grape.  Deep  gravelly  soil  and  base  of 
cliffs;  occasional.     June. 

T,  Tulpina  L.  River-bank  or  Frost  Grape.  River  banks;  common. 
June. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  61 

TILIACEAE.     LINDEN  FAMILY 

TILIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Linden.     Basswood 
T.  aniericaiia  L.     Basswood.     Woodlands;   common.     June,  July. 

MALVACEAE.     MALLOW   FAMILY 

ABUTILON    (Tourn.)    Mill.     Indian    Mallow 

A.  Theophrasti  Medic.  Velvet  Leaf.  Occasional  by  waysides  and  as 
a  garden  weed.  Aug.-Oct.  Williston,  (Bates)  ;  Burlington,  (Jones, 
N.  F.  F.);   Colchester,    (Mrs.  Walker). 

HIBISCUS   L.     Rose   Mallow 

H.  Trionum  L.  Flower-of-an-hour,  Bladder  Ketmia.  Occasionally  ad- 
ventive  in  gardens  and  waste  places.  July,  Aug.  Burlington, 
(Jones,  N.  F.  F.,  Mrs.  Walker). 

MALVA    (Tourn.)    L.     Mallow 

M.  Alcea  L.  European  Mallow.  A  garden  escape,  Burlington,  (N. 
F.   F.).     June-Sept. 

M.  MOSCHATA  L.  Musk  Mallow.  Roadsides  and  waste  places;  occa- 
sional.    June,   July. 

M,  ROTUNDiEOLiA  L.  Common  Mallow,  Cheeses.  Waste  places  and  cul- 
tivated grounds;  common.     May-Oct. 

M.  vERTiciLLATA  L.  Whorled  Mallow.  Occasional  as  a  weed  in  gardens 
and  waste  places.     Burlington,   (Jones).     July,  Aug. 

HYPERICACEAE.     ST.  JOHN'S=WORT  FAMILY 

HYPERICUM    (Tourn.)    L.     St.  John's- wort 

H.  Ascyron  L.     Great  St.  John's-wort.     Bank  of  Winooski  River  near 

High  Bridge,   (Perkins,  Grout).     July,  Aug. 
H.  cauadense  L.    Wet  places;   rare.     July,  Aug.     Colchester,   (Torrey, 

N.  F.  F.). 
H.   ellipticum   Hook.     Pale    St.    John's-wort.      Wet    places;    frequent. 

July,  Aug. 


62  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

H.  mutilum  L.  Small-flowered  St.  John's-wort.  Low  grounds;  com- 
mon.    July-Sept. 

H.  PERFORATUM  L.  Common  St.  John's-wort.  Fields  and  roadsides; 
common.     June-Sept. 

H.  pnnctatum  Lam.  Spotted  St.  John's-wort.  Damp  places;  frequent. 
July,  Aug. 

H.  Tirginicnm  L.  Marsh  St.  John's-wort.  Swamps;  frequent.  July, 
Aug. 

CISTACEAE.     ROCKROSE  FAMILY 

HELIANTHEMUM    (Tourn.)    Mill.     RockrosE 
H.  majns  BSP.     Frostweed.     Sterile  soil;   frequent.     June- Aug. 

HUDSONIA  L. 

H.  tomentosa  Nutt.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  intermedia  Peck.  Beach 
Heather.  Sandy  beaches  of  Lake  Champlain;  occasional.  May, 
June. 

LECHEA  (Kalm)   L.     Pin  weed 

L.  intermedia  Leggett.     Dry  sterile  soil;  frequent.     July,  Aug. 

VIOLACEAE.     VIOLET   FAMILY 

VIOLA    (Tourn.)    L.     ViolET.     Heart's-EasE 

V.  affiuis  Le  Conte.  Moist  thickets  and  boggy  meadows.  May.  Col- 
chester,   (Brainerd). 

V.  arenaria  DC.     Sand  Violet.     Sand  plains;  common.     May. 
y.   blauda    Willd.     Sweet   White   Violet.     Cool    rich   woods;    common. 
May. 

y,  canadensis  L.  Canada  Violet.  Woods;  common.  May,  June.  Occa- 
sional blossoms  occur  all  summer. 

y.  conspersa  Reich.  Dog  Violet.  Low  shady  grounds;  common.  Apr., 
May. 

V.  cucullata  Ait.  Marsh  Blue  Violet.  Wet  places;  common.  May, 
June. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  63 

Y.   fimbriatula   Sm.     Sandy   fields   and   dry   hillsides;    common.     Apr., 

May.    A  white-flowered  form  occurs,  Colchester,  (Jones,  N.  F.  F.). 

A  form  with  the  basal   lobes   coarsely   toothed   occurs,    shore   of 

Burlington  Bay   (Brainerd). 
V.  incognita   Brain.     Low   moist  woodlands;    rare.     May.     Burlington, 

(Grout). 
V.    lanceolata    L.     Lance-leaved    Violet.       Moist    meadow,    Williston, 

(Bates).    May,  June. 

V.  latiuscula  Greene.  Dry  open  woods,  in  light  soil;  occasional.  May. 
Burlington  and  Colchester,   (Brainerd);   Williston,   (Ross). 

V.  nephrophylla  Greene.  Cold  mossy  bogs  and  borders  of  streams. 
Apr.,  May.     Colchester,    (Brainerd);    South  Burlington,    (Jones). 

V.  pallens  (Banks)  Brain.     White  Violet.     Low  wet  grounds;  common. 

May. 
V.  pubescens  Ait.     Downy  Yellow  Violet.     Rich  woods;  common.    Apr., 

May. 
V.   renifolia    Gray.     White   Violet.     Wet   mossy   woods    and    swamps; 

occasional.     May. 
T.  rostrata  Pursh.     Long-spurred  Violet.     Rich  woods;  frequent.    Apr., 

May. 
V.  rotuudifolia  Michx.     Round-leaved   or   Early  Yellow  Violet.      Cool 

moist  woods;    frequent.     Apr.,   May. 
V.  scabriuscula  Schwein.     Smooth  Yellow  Violet.     Rich  moist  woods; 

frequent.     May. 

T,  sororia  Willd.  Woolly  Blue  Violet.  Moist  meadows,  alluvial  woods, 
etc.;  frequent.  May,  June.  A  white-flowered  form  occurs,  Wil- 
liston,   (Ross). 

Y.  TRICOLOR  L.  Pansy,  Heart's-ease.  Persistent  in  old  gardens.  Apr.- 
Oct. 


64  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

THYMELAEACEAE.     MEZEREUM  FAMILY 

DAPHNE  L.     MEZEREUM 

D,  MEZEREUM   L.     Frequent  in   gardens  and   escaped  to  rocky  woods, 
Burlington,    (Jones).     Apr. 

DIRCA  L.     Leatherwood.     Moosewood 

D.  palustris  L.     Wicopy.     Moist  open  woods;    frequent.     Apr.,  May. 

ELAEAGNACEAE.     OLEASTER  FAMILY 

SHEPHERDIA  Nutt. 

S.  canadensis  (L.)  Nutt.     Canadian  Buffalo-berry.     Rocky  bluffs;  occa- 
sional.    Apr.,   May. 

LYTHRACEAE.     LOOSESTRIFE  FAMILY 

DECODON  Gmel.     Swamp  Loosestrife 

D.  Terticillatus    (L.)    Ell.     Water    Willow.     Swampy    grounds;    occa- 

sional.    July,   Aug. 

LYTHRUM  L.     Loosestrife 
L.  aeatum  Pursh.     Waste  place,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).     June,  July. 

ONAGRACEAE.     EVENING  PRIMROSE  FAMILY 

CIRCAEA    (Tourn.)    L.     Exchanter's    Nightshade 

C.  alpina  L.     Smaller  Enchanter's  Nightshade.    Deep  woods;  common. 
July,  Aug. 

C.  intermedia  Ehrh.     Burlington,  (Jones);  Colchester,  (Griffin).    July, 
Aug. 

r.  lutetiana  L.     Enchanter's  Nightshade.     Woods;  frequent    July,  Aug. 
EPILOBIUM   (Dill.)   L.     Wileow-hERb 

E.  adenocaulon  Haussk.     Northern  Willow-herb.      Moist  places;    fre- 

quent.    July,   Aug. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  65 

E.  augustifoliuiii  L.  Great  Willow-herb,  Fireweed.  Common,  especi- 
ally in  newly  cleared  lands.  July-Sept.  A  white-flowered  form 
occurs,  Colchester,   (Perkins). 

E.  coloratnm  Muhl.  Purple-leaved  Willow-herb.  Wet  places;  common. 
July,   Aug. 

E.  densuiii  Raf.     Open  low  grounds;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 

E.  molle  Torr.     Bogs;  rare.    Aug.,  Sept.    Colchester,  (Torrey,  N.  F.  F.). 

LUDVIGIA  L.     False  Loosestrii-e 

L.  palustris  (L.)  Ell.  Water  Purslane.  Ditches  and  swamps;  com- 
mon.    June-Aug. 

OENOTHERA  L.     Evening   Primrose 

0.  biennis  L.  Common  Evening  Primrose.  Dry  soil;  common.  July- 
Sept. 

0.  cruciata  Nutt.  Small-flowered  Evening  Primrose.  Sandy  or  grav- 
elly soil;  rare.  July-Sept.  Burlington,  (Ross);  Colchester,  (Ross, 
Griffin). 

0.  LACiNiATA  Hill.  Sinuate-leaved  Evening  Primrose.  Adventive  at 
Fort  Ethan  Allen,    (Grout).     Sept. 

0,  muricata  L.  Sandy  soil,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).  July-Sept.  Fur- 
ther  search  will  probably  show  this  to  be  frequent. 

0.  Oakesianus  Robbins.  Adventive  by  roadside,  Burlington,  (Hazen). 
July-Sept. 

0.  pnmila  L.     Small  Sundrops.     Fields;    common.     June-Aug. 
0.   SERRUEATA  Nutt.     Adveutive   on   railroad    embankment,    Burlington, 
(N.  F.  F.).     July-Sept. 


HALORAGIDACEAE.     WATER  MILFOIL  FAMILY 

MYRIOPHYLLUM    (Vaill.)    L.     Water   Milfoil 

M.    spicatum   L.      Shelburne   Pond,    (Jones) ;    Malletts    Bay,    (Griflln, 
N.  F.  F.).     Aug. 


66  FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

ARALIACEAE.     GINSENG  FAMILY 

ARALIA    (Tourn.)    L. 

A,  hispida  Vent.     Bristly  Sarsaparilla,  Wild  Elder.     Rocky  or   sandy 

woodlands;    frequent.     June,   July. 
A.  nudicaulis  L.    Wild  Sarsaparilla.    Moist  woodlands;  common.     May, 

June. 
A.  racemosa  L.     Spikenard.     Rich  woodlands;  frequent.     July,  Aug. 

PANAX   L.     Ginseng 

P.   qniuqnefolium   L.     Ginseng.      Rich   and   cool   woods;    rare.     July. 

Burlington,    (Ross);    Colchester,    (Griffin). 
P.  trifolium  L.     Dwarf  Ginseng,  Ground-nut.     Moist  woods;    common. 

May,  June. 

UMBELLIFERAE.     PARSLEY  FAMILY 

ANGELICA   L.     Angei^ica 

A,   atropurpurea   L.     Masterwort.     Swamps   and   moist   grounds;    fre- 
quent.   June,  July. 

CARUM   (Rupp.)   L.     Caraway 

C,  Carvi  L.     Caraway.     About  dwellings  and  by  roadsides;    frequent. 
May,  June. 

CICUTA  L.     Water  Hemlock 

C.  bulbifera  L.     Water  Hemlock.     Swamps;  occasional.     July. 

C.   maculata    L.     Spotted    Cowbane,    Musquash    Root.     Low    grounds; 
frequent.     July. 

CONIUM  L.     Poison  Hemlock 

C.    MACULATUM    L.       Wastc    placcs ;    occasional.       July.       Burlington, 
(Grout);    Colchester,    (Jones). 

CRYPTOTAENIA  DC.     Honewort 
C.  canadensis   (L.)   DC.    Moist  woods;   frequent.    June. 


FLORA   OP   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  Q"t 

DAUCUS   (Tourn.)    L.     Carrot 

D.  Carota  L.     Wild  Carrot,  Queen  Anne's  Lace.     A  common  and  per- 

nicious weed  in  meadows,  fields,  etc.     July-Oct.     The  pink-flowered 
form  is  occasional. 

ERYNGIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Eryngo 

E.  virgatum  Lam.     Roadside  escape  from  garden,  Burlington,  (Jones). 

Aug. 

HERACLEUM  L.     Cow  Parsnip 

H.  lanatnm  Michx.     Masterwort.     Wet  grounds ;  occasional,    June,  July. 

HYDROCOTYLE   (Tourn.)   L,     Water  Pennywort 

H.  americana  L.    Wet  places;  common.    June- Aug. 

LEVISTICUM    (Rivin.)    Hill.     Lovage 

L.  OFFICINALE  (L.)  Koch.     Roadside  escape  from  gardens;  rare.     June, 
July.     Shelburne,    (N.   F.   P.). 

OSMORHIZA  Raf.     SwEET  Ciceey 

0.  Claytoni  (Michx.)  Clarke.     Woolly  Sweet  Cicely.     Rich  woods;  fre- 
quent.    May,   June. 

0.  lougistylis  (Torr.)  DC.     Smoother  Sweet  Cicely.    Rich  moist  woods; 
occasional.    May,    June. 

PASTINACA   L.     Parsnip 

P.  SATivA  L.     Wild  or  Poison  Parsnip.     Roadsides  and  waste  places; 
common.     June-Sept. 

SANICULA    (Tourn.)    L.     SaniclE.     Black    Snakeroot 

S.  canadensis   L.     Short-styled   Snakeroot.     Shaded   ledges;    frequent. 
July. 

S.  greg-aria  Bick.     Clustered  Snakeroot.     Moist  rich  soil;    rare.     July, 
Aug.     South  Burlington,    (Orton) ;    Colchester,    (N.  F.  P.). 

S.   marilandica   L.     Black   Snakeroot.     Moist   woods;    common.     June, 
July. 

S.   trifoliata   Bick.       Large-fruited    Snakeroot.       Shelburne,    (Boott). 
Specimen  in  Gray  Herb.     July. 


68  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

SIUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Water   Parsnip 

S.  cicntaefolium  Schrank,     Wet  places;   frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

TAENIDIA  Drude. 

T.  integerrima   (L.)   Drude.     Yellow  Pimpernel.     Rocky  places;   occa- 
sional.    June,  July. 

ZIZIA  Koch. 

Z.   aurea    (L.)    Koch.     Golden   Alexanders,   Early   or   Golden   Meadow 
Parsnip.     Moist  meadows;   common.     May,  June. 


CORNACEAE.     DOGWOOD    FAMILY 

CORNUS    (Tourn.)   L.     Cornel.     Dogwood 

C.  alteruifolia  L.  f.     Alternate-leaved  Dogwood.    Open  woods;  frequent. 
May,  June, 

C.  Amomum  Mill.    Silky  Cornel  or  Dogwood,  Kinnikinnik.    Low  woods 
and  banks;    frequent.     June,  July. 

C.  canadensis  L.     Dwarf  Cornel,  Bunchberry,     Cold  damp  woods;  fre- 
quent.   May,  June. 

C,  circinata  L'Her.     Round-leaved  Cornel  or  Dogwood.     Rocky  wood- 
lands;  frequent.    May,  June. 

C.  panicnlata  L'Her.     Panicled   Dogwood.      Rich  thickets  and  banks; 
frequent.     June,  July. 

C.    stolouifera    Michx.     Red-osier    Dogwood.       Wet    places;    common. 
May,  June.     Occasional  blossoms  occur  all   summer. 

NYSSA  L.     TuPEEO.     PeppEridge.     Sour  Gum 

y.  sylvatica  Marsh.     Black  Gum.     Rich  soil,  generally  swampy;   rare. 
May.     Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.,  Jones);   Colchester,   (Griffin). 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  69 

ERICACEAE.     HEATH  FAMILY 

ANDROMEDA  L. 
A.  glaucophjila  Link.     Bog  Rosemary.     Bogs;  frequent.     May,  June. 
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  Adans.     Bkarberrv 

A.  Uva-ursi  (L.)  Spreng.  Red  Bearberry.  Rocky  bluffs  and  sand 
plains;     rare.     May.     Burlington,     (Perkins);     South    Burlington, 

(N.  F.  F.). 

CHAMAEDAPHNE  Moench.     Leather  Leaf.     Cassandra 

C.  calyculata   (L.)  Moench.     Bogs;  frequent.     May. 

CHIMAPHILA  Pursh.     Pipsissewa 

0.  umbellata  (L.)  Nutt.  Prince's  Pine,  Pipsissewa.  Dry  woods;  fre- 
quent.    July. 

CHIOGENES  Salisb.     Creeping  Snowberry 

C.  hispidula  (L.)  T.  &  G.  Moxie  Plum,  Capillaire.  Peat  bogs  and 
mossy  woods;  rare.  May.  South  Burlington;  Colchester,  (Grif- 
fin). 

EPIGAEA  L.     Ground  Lauree.     Trailing  Arbutus 
E.  repeiis   L.     Mayflower.     Sandy  woodlands;    common.     Apr.,   May. 
GAULTHERIA    (Kalm)    L.     Aromatic    Wintergreen 

(m.  procumbeus  L.  Teaberry,  Checkerberry.  Cool  woods;  common. 
July,   Aug. 

GAYLUSSACIA   HBK.     Huckleberry 

G.  baccata  (Wang.)  Koch.  Black  Huckleberry.  Sterile  fields  and 
thickets;    common.     May,   June. 

KALM  I A  L.     Laurel 

K.  aug-ustifolia  L.     Sheep  Laurel,  Lambkill,  Wicky.     Sterile  fields  and 

peat  bogs;    common.     June,  July, 
K.   polifolia    Wang.     Pale    Laurel.     Cold    peat    bogs;    frequent.      May, 

June. 

LEDUM    (Rupp.)    L.     Labrador   Tea 
L.  groeulaudicuiu  Oeder.     Cold  bogs;   frequent.     June. 


70  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

MONESES   Salisb.     One-flowerEd  Pyrola 

M.   uniflora    (L.)    Gray.     Deep    cold   woods;    rare.     June.     Burlington, 

(Torrey,  N.  F.  F.). 

MONOTROPA  L.     Indian   Pipe.     Pinesap 

M,  Hypopitys  L.  Pinesap,  False  Beech  Drops.  Rich  dry  woods;  occa- 
sional.    July- Sept. 

M.  uniflora  L.  Indian  Pipe,  Corpse  Plant.  Dark  rich  woods;  common. 
June-Aug. 

PTEROSPORA  Nutt.     Pine  Drops 

P.  andromedea  Nutt.     Pine  woods;  rare.     July,  Aug.     Williston,  (Prin- 

gle) ;  Colchester,  (Bates,  Ross). 

PYROLA   (Tourn.)    L.     WintergrEEn.     Shin  Leaf 

P.  americaua  Sweet.  Round-leaved  Wintergreen.  Open  or  sandy 
woods;   occasional.     July. 

P.  asarifolia  Michx.,  var.  inearnata  (Fisch.)  Fern.  Bog  Wintergreen. 
Sphagnum  bogs;    rare.     July.     South  Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.). 

P.  eliloraiitha  Sw.  Greenish-flowered  Wintergreen.  Open  woods;  fre- 
quent.    July. 

P.  elliptica  Nutt.     Shin  Leaf.     Rich  woods;    common.     July. 

P.  secuiida  L.     One-sided  Wintergreen.     Rich  woods;   frequent.     July. 

RHODODENDRON  L. 

R.  caiiadense  (L.)   BSP.     Rhodora.     Swamps;   occasional.     May,  June. 
II.  cauescens  (Michx.)  Don.     Swamp  or  June  Pink,  Pink  Azalea.     One 

bush    seen,    but    unfortunately    no    specimen    taken.     May,    June. 

Burlington,    (N.    F.    F.). 

VACCINIUM    L.     Blueberry.     Cranberry 

V.  atrococcum  (Gray)  Heller.  Black  High  Blueberry.  Swamp,  South 
Burlington,   (Jones).     May. 

V.  canadense  Kalm.  Sour-top  or  Velvet-leaf  Blueberry.  Cool  moist 
woods;    rare.     May.     Essex,    (Jones). 

Y.  corymbosum  L.  High  or  Swamp  Blueberry.  Swamps  and  low  thick- 
ets;  common.     May,  June. 


I 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  71 

V.  macrocarpoii  Ait.  Large  or  American  Cranberry.  Peat  bogs;  occa- 
sional.     July,  Aug. 

V.  Oxycoccos  L,  Small  Cranberry.  Cold  peat  bogs;  frequent.  June, 
July,  Var.  intermedium  Gray.  (Var.  ovalifolium  Michx.)  Col- 
chester,  (Oakes) ;    South  Burlington,    (Jones). 

V.  pennsylyanicum  Lam.  Low  Sweet  or  Early  Sweet  Blueberry.  Dry 
hills,  barrens,  etc.;    common.     May. 

V.  yacillans  Kalm.  Late  Low  Blueberry.  Dry  woodlands;  common. 
May,  June. 

PRIMULACEAE.  PRIMROSE  FAMILY 

ANAGALLIS    (Tourn.)   L.     Pimpernel 

A.  ARVENSis  L.  Common  Pimpernel,  Poor  Man's  Weatherglass.  Ad- 
ventive  in  garden,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     June-Oct. 

LYSIMACHIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Loosestrife 

L,  NuMMUEARiA  L.  Moueywort,  Yellow  Myrtle.  A  frequent  escape 
to  damp  grounds  where  it  is  thoroughly  established.     June,  July. 

X  L.  prodiicta  (Gray)  Fern.  Mouth  of  Winooski  River,  Burlington, 
(Eggleston  and  Jones).     July,  Aug. 

L.  quadrifolia  L.  Whorled  Loosestrife.  Dry  thickets;  common.  June, 
July. 

L.  terrestris  (L.)  BSP.  Bulb-bearing  Loosestrife.  Low  grounds; 
common.     July,   Aug. 

L.  thyrsiflora  L.  Tufted  Loosestrife.  Bogs  and  swamps;  frequent. 
June. 

PRIMULA  L.     Primrose 

P.  officinalis  Jacq.  English  Cowslip.  Roadside  escape  from  garden, 
Burlington,    (Jones).     May. 

STEIRONEMA  Raf. 

S.  ciliatum  (L.)  Raf.  Fringed  Loosestrife.  Moist  thickets;  common. 
July,   Aug. 

S.  laiiceolatum  (Walt.)  Gray.  Lance-leaved  Loosestrife.  Low  ground 
along  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Colchester,  (Grout  and 
Tracy) . 


72  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY 

TRIENTALIS    (Rupp.)   L.     Chickweed  Wintergreen 

T.  americaua  (Pers.)  Pursh.     (T.  borealis  Raf.)     Star  Flower.     Moist 
woods  and  thickets;    common.     May. 

OLEACEAE.     OLIVE  FAMILY 

FRAXINUS    (Toiirn.)    L.     Ash 

F.  americaua  L.     White  Ash.     Rich  woods;   common.     May. 

F,  uigra  Marsh.     Black  Ash.     Swamps  and  woods;  frequent.     May. 

F.  peuusylvauica  Marsh.     Red  Ash.     Low  grounds;   common.     May. 

F,  pennsylyaiiica  Marsh.,  var.  laiiceolata    (Borkh.)    Sarg.     Green  Ash. 

Shore  of  Lake  Champlain,   Burlington,    (Jones).     May. 

SYRINGA    L.     Lilac 

S.  VULGARIS   L.     Common   Lilac.     Persistent   about   old    building    sites. 
May,  June. 

GENTIANACEAE.  GENTIAN  FAMILY 

BARTONIA  Muhl. 

B.  virginica   (L.)   BSP.     Yellow  Bartonia.     Boggy  places;   rare.     July, 
Aug.     South  Burlington,   (Jones,  Ross);   Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.). 

GENTIANA  (Tourn.)  L.     Gentian 

G.  Andrewsii  Griseb.     Closed  Gentian.     Moist  grounds;  frequent.    Aug., 

Sept. 

G»  (luiiiquefolia  L.     Stiff  Gentian,  Ague-weed.     Shore  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,   South   Burlington,    (Torrey,  Ross).     Sept.,  Oct. 

MENYANTHES    (Tourn.)    L.     Buckbean 

M.  trifoliata  L.     Bogs  and  shallow  water;   occasional.     June. 

APOCYNACEAE.     DOGBANE  FAMILY 

APOCYNUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Dogbane.     Indian    Hemp 

A.   audrosaemifoliiim    L.     Spreading   Dogbane.      Thickets   and    fields; 
common.     July-Sept. 

A.  caiiiia1)inum  L.     Indian  Hemp.     Moist  banks;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  73 

VINCA  L.     Periwinkle 

V.  MINOR  L.  Common  Periwinkle,  Blue  Myrtle.  Frequent  in  old  gar- 
dens and  established  in  rich  woods  near  dwelling,  Shelburne, 
(N.  F.  F.).     Apr.,  May. 

ASCLEPIADACEAE.     MILKWEED  FAMILY 

ASCLEPIAS    (Tourn.)    L.     Miekweed.     Silk  weed 

A.  amplexicaulis   Sm.     Blunt-leaved  Milkweed.     Sandy   soil;    frequent. 

July. 
A.  iiicariiata  L.     Swamp  Milkweed.     Marshes;    common.     July,  Aug. 

A.  pliytolaccoides  Pursh.  Poke  Milkweed.  Moist  copses;  rare.  July, 
Aug.     Burlington,    (Torrey,  N.  F.  F.) ;    Colchester,    (N.  F.  F.). 

A.  qiiadrifolia  Jacq.  Four-leaved  Milkweed.  Rocky  woods;  occasional. 
June,  July. 

A.  syriaca  L.  Common  Milkweed  or  Silkweed.  Rich  grounds;  com- 
mon.    July. 

CONVOLVULACEAE.      CONVOLVULUS  FAMILY 

CONVOLVULUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Bindweed 

C.  ARVENSis  L.     Field  Bindweed.     Railroad  yard,  Burlington,    (Jones). 

July. 
C.  jAPONicus  Thunb.     California  Rose.     Occasional  in  old  gardens  and 

an  escape  by  roadside,  Essex,    (Jones).     July. 
C.  sepium  L.     Wild  Morning  Glory,  Hedge  Bindweed.     Moist  thickets, 

sandy  fields,  etc.;    common.     July,  Aug. 
C.   spithamaeus    L.     Upright   Bindweed.     Dry    sandy    plains;    common. 

June- Aug. 

CUSCUTA    (Tourn.)    L.     Dodder.     Love  Vine 
C.  Grouovii  Willd.     Moist  thickets;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 
IPOMOEA  L.     Morning  Glorv 

I.  cocciNEA  L.  Small  Red  Morning  Glory.  Adventive  in  garden,  Bur- 
lington,  (Mrs.  Zottman).     June-Aug. 

I.  PURPUREA  (L.)  Roth.  Common  Morning  Glory.  Frequently  spon- 
taneous in  gardens  and  waste  places.     June-Sept. 


74  FLORA  OP  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

POLEMONIACEAE.     POLEMONIUM  FAMILY 

GILIA  R.  &  P. 

G.  LINEARIS  (Nutt.)  Gray.     First  seen  in  1902,  now  well  established  in 
one  station,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     June,  July. 

PHLOX   L. 

P,   PANicuLATA   L,     Garden    Phlox.     Occasionally   persistent   about   old 
dwellings.     Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  SUBUI.ATA  L.     Ground  or  Moss  Pink.     Rocky  hill,  Colchester,  (Grif- 
fin).    May,   June. 

HYDROPHYLLACEAE.     WATERLEAF  FAMILY 

HYDROPHYLLUM    (Tourn.)    L.     WaterlEaf 
H*  Tirgiuianum  L.     Rich  woods;   common.     June. 

BORAGINACEAE.  BORAGE  FAMILY 

CYNOGLOSSUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Hound's  Tongue 

C.    boreale    Fern.     Wild    Comfrey.     Rich    woods;    rare.     June.       Bur- 
lington,   (Torrey,   Ross). 

C.  OFEiciNALE  L.     Common  Hound's  Tongue.     Pastures;  frequent.    June, 
July. 

ECHIUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Viper's  Bugeoss 

E.  vuEGARE  L.     Blue-weed,  Blue  Devil.     Becoming  frequent  along  rail- 
roads and  occasional  as  a  weed  elsewhere.     June-Oct. 

LAPPULA    (Rivin.)    Moench.     Stickseed 

L.  ECHiNATA   Gilib.     European   Stickseed,   Burseed.     Waste   and    culti- 
vated grounds;    occasional.     Aug. 

L.  Tirginiaua   (L.)    Greene.     Beggar's  Lice.     Borders  of  woods;    occa- 
sional.    Aug. 

LITHOSPERMUM     (Tourn.)     L.     GromwEEE.     Puccoon 

L.  latifolium  Michx.     Open  ground  and  borders  of  woods;  rare.    June, 
July.     Colchester,   (Griffin). 


FLORA  OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  75 

L.  OFFICINALE  L.  Common  Gromwell,  Dry  pastures;  occasional.  June- 
Aug. 

MERTENSIA  Roth.     Lungwort 

M.  viRGiNiCA  (L.)  Link.  Virginian  Cowslip,  Bluebells.  A  garden  es- 
cape, Burlington,  (Gifford).  May.  "Since  this  is  a  native  from 
the  Mississippi  Valley  reaching  eastward  to  Ontario  and  New  York, 
it  may  be  expected  to  persist  where  established  in  the  Champlain 
Valley." 

MYOSOTIS   (Rupp.)   L.     Scorpion-grass.     Forget- ^ie-not 

M.  scoRPioiDES  L.  True  Forget-me-not.  Occasional  on  banks  of  Wi- 
nooski  River.     June,  July. 

SYMPHYTUM    (Tourn.)    L.     ComfrEy 

fS.  OFFICINALE  L.  Common  Comfrey.  A  garden  escape  in  moist  ground, 
Shelburne,   (N.  F.  F.).     June-Sept. 

VERBENACEAE.  VERVAIN  FAMILY 

VERBENA   (Tourn.)   L.     Vervain 

y.  hastata  L.  Blue  Vervain.  Damp  ground,  roadsides,  etc.;  common. 
July-Sept. 

Y.  urticaefolia  L.     White  Vervain.     Roadsides;    common.     Aug.,    Sept. 

LABIATAE.     MINT  FAMILY 

AGASTACHE   Clayt.     Giant   Hyssop 

A.  scrophulariaefolia  (Willd.)  Ktze.  Thickets;  rare.  Aug.,  Sept. 
Essex,    (N.  F.  F.). 

AJUGA  L.     Bugle  Weed 

A,  genevensis  L.     Adventive   in   lawn,  Burlington,    (Jones).     June. 

GALEOPSIS  L.     Hemp  Nettle 

G.  Tetrahit  L.  Common  Hemp  Nettle.  Waste  places;  frequent.  July- 
Sept. 


76  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

HEDEOMA  Pers.     Mock  Pennyroyal 

H.  HispiDA  Pursh.     Adventive  in  garden,  Burlington,   (Hollister);  Col- 
chester,   (GrifRn).     June,  July. 

H,    puleg-ioides    (L.)    Pers.     American    Pennyroyal.     Dry    fields;    fre- 
quent.    July,  Aug. 

LAMIUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Dead  Nettle 

L.   AMPLExicAULE    L.      Henbit.      Cultivated    ground;    rare.       June-Aug. 
South  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

L,    MACULATUM    L.     Spotted    Dead   Nettle,    Flowering    Sage.     Roadside 
escape  from  garden,  Essex,    (N.  F.  F.).     May-Oct. 

LEONURUS  L.     Motherwort 

L.  Cardiaca  L.     Common  Motherwort.     Waste  places;    common.     July, 
Aug. 

LYCOPUS  (Tourn.)  L.     W.^ter  HorEhound 

L.  amerieanus  Muhl.     Cut-leaved   Bugle   Weed.     Moist  soil;    common. 
Aug.,   Sept. 

L.  uuiflorus  Michx.     Bugle  Weed.     Moist  places;   common.     Aug.,  Sept. 
MENTHA   (Tourn.)   L.     Mint 

M.  aryeiisis  L.,  var.  caiiadeusis    (L.)    Briq.     Wild  Mint.     Wet  places; 

common.     July,  Aug. 
M.  GENTiLis  L.     Spotted  or  Whorled  Mint.     Occasional  in  waste  places 

and  about  old  dwellings.     July-Sept. 
M,  PIPERITA  L.     Peppermint.     Along  brooks;    rare.     Aug.,   Sept.     Essex 

and  Shelburne,  (N.  F.  F.)  ;   South  Burlington,   (Mrs.  Walker). 
M.  SPiCATA  L.     Spearmint.     Wet  ground,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).     Aug., 

Sept. 

MONARDA  L.     Horse  Mint 

M.  mollis  L.     Wild  Bergamot.     Dry  grounds;    rare.     July,  Aug.     Bur- 
lington,  (Jones);   Shelburne,   (Mrs.  Gebhardt). 

M.  PUNCTATA  L.     Horse  Mint.     Sandy  ground;    rare.     July-Sept.     Col- 
chester and  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.) ;   Essex,   (Jones  and  Howe). 

NEPETA  (Rivin.)  L.     Cat  Mint 

N.  Cataria  L.     Catnip.     Dry  pastures;    common.     July-Sept. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  77 

]V.    HEDERACEA    (L.)    Trev.     Ground    Ivy,    Gill-over-the-ground.       Moist 
shady  places;    frequent.     Apr.,   May. 

PHYSOSTEGIA  Benth.     False   Dracon   Head 

r.    \irgiiiiana    (L.)    Benth.     Lion's    Heart.     Wet    ground;    rare.     July, 
Aug.     Colchester,   (Griffin). 

PRUNELLA  L.     Sele-heal 

P.  vulg'aris  L.     Heal-all,  Carpenter-weed.     Woods  and  fields;   common. 
June-Sept.     A  white-flowered  form  is  occasional. 

PYCNANTHEMUM  Michx.     Mountain  Mint.     Basil 

P.    flexuosuiii    (Walt.)    BSP.       Narrow-leaved    Mountain    Mint.       Dry 

ground;   rare.     Aug.     Williston,   (N.  F.  F.);   Colchester,   (Ross). 
P.  Yerticillatum   (Michx.)   Pers.     Colchester,   (Grout).     Aug. 

P.  yirg-iiiiainim    (L.)    Durand  &  Jackson.     Dry  woods,  South  Burling- 
ton,   (N.   F.   F.).     Aug. 

SATUREJA     (Tourn.)     L.     Savory.     Calamint 

S.  Acinos  (L.)  Scheele.     Basil  Thyme.    Rocky  headland  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,   Burlington,    (N.   F.   F.).     June,   July. 

S.  hortensis  L.     Summer  Savory.     A  garden  escape,  Burlington,  (Mrs. 
Walker).     Aug.,  Sept. 

S.  vulgaris  (L.)  Fritsch.     Basil.     Rocky  woods  and  thickets;  frequent. 
■     July-Sept. 

SCUTELLARIA  (Rivin.)  L.     Skullcap 

S.  galericulata  L.     Marsh  Skullcap.     Wet  shady  places;  frequent.    July, 
Aug. 

S.  lateriflora  L.     Mad-dog  Skullcap.    Wet  shady  places;  common.    July- 
Sept. 

S.  parvula  Michx.     Small  Skullcap.     Rocky  headlands  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain;    rare.     June.     Burlington    and    South    Burlington,    (Jones). 

STACHYS  (Tourn.)  L.     Hedge  Nettle 

S.  teimifolia  Willd.,  var.  aspera  (Michx.)   Fern.     Rough  Hedge  Nettle, 
Woundwort.     Moist  grounds;    occasional.     July,  Aug. 


78  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

TEUCRIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Germander 

T.  canadense  L.     American  Germander,  Wood  Sage.     Shores  of  Lake 
Champlain;    frequent.     Aug. 

TRICHOSTEMA  L.     Blue  Curls 

T.    dichotoiimm   L,     Bastard    Pennyroyal.     Sandy   fields;    local.     Aug., 
Sept.     Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.) ;  Colchester,  (N.  F.  F.,  Griffin). 


SOLANACEAE.     NIGHTSHADE  FAMILY 

DATURA  L.     Jamestown  or  Jim  son  Weed.     Thorn  Apple 

D,  Stramonium  L.  Stramonium.  Waste  places;  occasional.  July- 
Sept. 

D.  Tatula  L.  Purple  Thorn  Apple.  Occasionally  adventive.  July- 
Sepf. 

LYCIUM  L.     Matrimony  Vine 

L.  HALiMiPOLiuM  Mill.  Commou  Matrimony  Vine.  An  escape  near 
waste   ground,   Burlington,    (N.   P.   F,).     May-Sept. 

NICANDRA  Adans.     Apple  of  Peru 

N.  PHYSALODEs  (L.)  Pers.  Waste  grounds;  rare.  July,  Aug.  Burling- 
ton,   (Ross,  N.  F.   F.). 

PHYSALIS  L.     Ground  Cherry 

r,  HETEROPHYLLA  Necs.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  ambigua  (Gray)  Rydb. 
Clammy  Ground  Cherry.  Local.  July-Sept.  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F., 
Jones). 

P.  ixocARPA  Brot.  Tomatillo.  Adventive  by  roadside,  Colchester,  (Mrs. 
Walker).     Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  peruviana  L.  Husk  Tomato.  Adventive  on  bank  of  Winooski  River, 
Burlington,    (Jones).     Aug. 

P.  PRUINOSA  L.  Strawberry  Tomato.  Adventive  by  roadside,  Colches- 
ter,   (Mrs.  Walker).     Aug.,  Sept. 

SOLANUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Nightshade 

S.  Dulcamara  L.  Bittersweet,  Climbing  Nightshade.  Moist  thickets; 
frequent.     June-Aug. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  79 

S.  nigrum  L.     Common  Nightshade.     Moist  shaded  grounds;   frequent. 
July-Sept. 

S.  ROSTRATUM  Dunal.     Adventive  in  garden,  Burlington,  (Helyer).    Aug. 

SCROPHULARIACEAE.     FIGWORT   FAMILY 

CHELONE    (Tourn.)    L.     TuktlEhead.     SxakEhead 

C.  glabra  L.     Balmony.     Wet  places;   frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

GERARDIA  (Plum.)   L.     Gekaruia 

G.  panpercnla  (Gray)  Britton,     Small-flowered  Gerardia.     Sandy  shore 
of  Lake  Champlain,  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.,  Griffin).     Aug.,  Sept. 

0.  teimifolia  Vahl.     Slender   Gerardia.     Moist   ground;    local.      Aug., 

Sept.     Colchester,   (Perkins,  N.  F.  F.,  Ross). 

GRATIOLA  (Rupp.)  L.     Hedge  Hyssop 

Cr.   aurea   Muhl.     Golden    Hedge   Hyssop.     Wet    sandy    shore    of   Lake 
Champlain,  Colchester,    (Perkins,  N.  F.  F.,  Griffin).     July,  Aug. 

(i.  Yirginiaiia  L.     Clammy  Hedge  Hyssop.     Wet   shores   and   ditches; 
occasional.     June-Sept. 

ILYSANTHES  Raf.     Faese  Pimpernee 

1.  dul)ia    (L.)    Barnh.     Short-stalked   False   Pimpernel.      Wet   shores; 

frequent.     Aug.,    Sept. 

LINARIA  (Tourn.)   Hill.     Toadfeax 

L.  vulgaris  Hill.     Ramsted,   Butter-and-Eggs.      Fields  and  roadsides; 
common.     July-Oct. 

MELAMPYRUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Cow  Wheat 

M.  lineare  Lam.     Dry  woodlands;   frequent.     July,  Aug. 

MIMULUS   L.     Monkey   Flower 

M,  ringens  L.     Wet  places;  common.     July,  Aug. 

pedicular: S    (Tourn.)    L.     Lou SE wort 

P.  canadensis  L.     Common  Lousewort,  Wood  Betony.     Thickets;   fre- 
quent.    May,  June. 


80  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

PENTSTEMON   (Mitch.)   Ait.     Beard-tongue 

r.  LAEviGATus  Ait.,  var.  Digitalis  (Sweet)  Gray.  Moist  or  rich  soil; 
rare.  June,  July.  Colchester,  (Griffin)  ;  South  Burlington,  (Mrs. 
Walker). 

SCROPHULARIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Figwort 
S.  leporelLi  Bick.     Meadows  and  fence  rows;   occasional.     June,  July. 
S.  marilaiidica  L.     Damp  grounds;    occasional.     July,  Aug. 

VERBASCUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Mullein 

V.  Blattaria  L.     Moth  Mullein.     Roadsides;    rare.     June,   July.     Bur- 
lington  and   Essex,    (N.    F.   F.). 
V,  Thapsus  L.     Common  Mullein.     Fields,  etc.;    common.     July-Sept. 

VERONICA    (Tourn.)    L.     Speedwell 

V.  americaiia  Schwein.  American  Brooklime.  Wet  grounds;  frequent. 
June,  July. 

y.  arvensis  L.     Corn  Speedwell.     Rocky  woods;  frequent.     May,  June. 

V*  officinalis  L.  Common  Speedwell.  Dry  hills  and  open  woods;  occa- 
sional.    May,  June. 

V.  peregrina  L.  Neckweed,  Purslane  Speedwell.  Gardens  and  waste 
places;    occasional.     May,   June. 

y.  scutellata  L.  Marsh  Speedwell.  Swamps  and  wet  places;  com- 
mon.    June-Aug. 

y.  serpyllifolia  L.  Thyme-leaved  Speedwell.  Damp  grassy  grounds; 
common.     May- July. 


LENTIBULARIACEAE.     BLADDERWORT  FAMILY 

UTRICULARIA  L.     Bladderwort 

U.  intermedia  Hayne.     Edge  of  swamp,  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.).     June, 
July. 

r.  Tnlgaris   L.,  var.   americana   Gray.     Greater   Bladderwort.      Ponds 
and   slow   streams;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY  81 

OROBANCHACEAE.     BROOM=RAPE  FAMILY 

EPIFAGUS   Nutt.     Beech-drops.     Cancek-root 

E.  Yirgiiiiaiia    (L.)    Bart.     Under  beech  trees;    common.     Sept. 

OROBANCHE    (Tourn.)    L.     Broom -r.\pe 

0.  iiuiflora  L.  One-flowered  Cancer-root.  Dry  woodlands;  rare.  May- 
July.     Burlington,    (Jones,  Mrs.  Walker). 

PHRYMACEAE.     LOPSEED  FAMILY 

PHRYMA  L.     LopsEED 
P.   Leptostachya  L.     Moist  open  woods;    occasional.     July,   Aug. 

PLANTAGINACEAE.     PLANTAIN   FAMILY 

PLANT  AGO  (Tourn.)  L.     Plant.mn.     Ribwort 

r.  ARiSTATA  Michx.     Large-bracted  Plantain.     Adventive  at  Experiment 

Farm,  Burlington,  (Jones);  dry  sand,  Colchester,  (N.  F.  F.).    July, 

Aug. 
P.  LANCEOLATA  L.     Rib  or  Ripple  Grass,  English  Plantain.     Grass  land; 

common.     June-Aug. 
P.  major  L.     Common  Plantain.     Waysides;   common.     July-Sept. 
P.  Rugelii  Dene.     With  the  preceding  species  and  even  more  common. 

July-Sept. 

RUBIACEAE.     MADDER  FAMILY 

CEPHALANTHUS  L.     Buttonbush 
C.  occideiitalis  L.     Swamps;    frequent.     July,  Aug. 
GALIUM  L.     Bedstraw.     Cleavers 

G.  Apariiie  L.  Cleavers,  Goose  Grass.  Rich  shaded  grounds;  occa- 
sional. May,  June.  Burlington  and  South  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.)  ; 
Colchester,    ( Griffin ) . 

Cf.  asprellum  Michx.  Rough  Bedstraw.  Alluvial  grounds;  common. 
July. 


82  FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

G,  BOREALE  L.  Northern  Bedstraw.  Edge  of  woods,  Burlington,  (N. 
F.   F.).     July, 

G.  circaezaus  Michx.     Wild  Liquorice.     Rich  woods;  common.     July. 

0.  Claytoni  Michx.  Swamps  and  bogs;  occasional.  July-Sept.  Bur- 
lington and  Colchester,    (N.  F.  F.). 

0.  lanceolatum  Torr.     Wild  Liquorice.     Dry  woods;  frequent.     July. 

G.  MoEEUGO  L.  Wild  Madder.  Adventive  in  field,  Shelburne,  (N.  F.  F.). 
June,  July. 

0.  palustre  L.  Marsh  Bedstraw.  Wet  meadows  and  banks;  common. 
June,  July. 

G.  trifidum  L.  Small  Bedstraw.  Cold  bogs  and  marshy  borders  of 
ponds;    frequent.     July,    Aug. 

G.  triflorum  Michx.  Sweet-scented  Bedstraw.  Rich  woodlands;  com- 
mon.    July,  Aug. 

HOUSTONIA  L. 

H.  caerulea  L.  Bluets,  Innocence.  Moist  grassy  places;  common. 
Apr.,  May.  The  white  flowered  form  occurs  and  occasional  blos- 
soms may  be  found  all  summer. 

H.  longif olia  Gaertn.     Rocky  headlands  of  Lake  Champlain ;  rare.  June. 

MITCHELLA  L.     Partridge  Berry 

31.  repeus  L.  Cool  woods;  common.  June.  A  form  occurs  the  leaves 
of  which  are  variegated  with  white;    Burlington,    (N.  F.  F.). 

CAPRIFOLIACEAE.     HONEYSUCKLE    FAMILY 

DIERVILLA    (Tourn.)    Mill.     Bush   Honeysucki.e 

D.  Lonicera  Mill.     Rocky  woodlands;   common.     June,  July. 

LINNAEA  (Gronov.)  L.     Twin-flower 

L.  l)orealis  L.,  var.  americana  (Forbes)  Rehder.  Moist  mossy  woods 
and  cool  bogs;  rare.  June,  July.  Shelburne,  (Jones);  South  Bur- 
lington,   (N.   F.  P.). 

LONICERA  L.     Honeysuckle 

L.  canadensis  Marsh.  American  Fly  Honeysuckle.  Moist  woods;  fre- 
quent.    Apr.,  May. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  83 

L,  dioica  L.  Glaucous  Honeysuckle.  Dry  rocky  and  sandy  woods; 
frequent.     May. 

L.  TATARiCA  L.  Tartarian  Honeysuckle.  Common  in  cultivation  and 
a  frequent  escape  in  thickets  about  Burlington.     May. 

SAMBUCUS    (Tourn.)    L.     Er.DER 

S.    canadensis    L.     Common    Elder,    Elderberry.       Thickets;    common. 

July. 
S.  racemosa  L.     Red-berried  Elder.     Rocky  woodlands;  common.    May. 

SYMPHORICARPOS     (Dill.)     Ludwig.     SnowbErry 

S.  racemosus  Michx.  Snowberry.  Cliffs  and  rocky  headlands;  fre- 
quent.    June. 

S.  RACEMOSUS  Michx.,  var.  laevigatus  Fern.  Garden  Snowberry.  Com- 
mon in  cultivation  and  occasionally  persistent  about  old  building 
sites.     June,  July.     Shelburne,   (N.  F.  F.). 

TRIOSTEUM  L.     FevErwort.     Horse  Gentian 

T.  perfoliatum  L.  Tinker's  Weed,  Wild  Coffee.  Edge  of  swamp,  Col- 
chester,   (GrifRn).     May,   June. 

VIBURNUM    (Tourn.)    L.     Arrow- wood.     Laurestinus 

V.  acerifolium  L.  Dockmackie,  Maple-leaved  Arrow-wood.  Rocky  or 
sandy  woods;    common.     June. 

Y.  aluifolium  Marsh.  Hobble-bush,  Witch  Hobble,  Moosewood.  Cool 
moist  woods;   common.     May. 

V.  cassiuoides  L.     Withe-rod,  Wild  Raisin.     Swamps;   frequent.     June. 

V.  dentatiim  L.  Toothed  Arrow-wood.  Wet  places;  rare.  June,  July. 
Essex  and  Shelburne,    (N.  F.  F.). 

Y.  Lentago  L.  Sheepberry,  Nannyberry,  Wild  Raisin.  Rich  moist 
woods;   occasional.     May,  June. 

Y.  Opuliis  L.,  var.  amerieamim  (Mill.)  Ait.  Cranberry  Tree,  High-bush 
Cranberry,  Pimbina.     Low  grounds;   occasional.     May,  June. 

Y.  pubescens  (Ait.)  Pursh.  Downy  Arrow-wood.  Cliffs  and  rocky 
hills;    frequent,     June. 


84  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND   VICINITY 

VALERIANACEAE.  VALERIAN  FAMILY 

VALERIANA    (Toiirii.)    L.     Valerian 

Y,  OFFICINALIS  L.     Garden  Heliotrope.     An  occasional  roadside  escape. 
June.     Burlington  and  Shelburne,    (N.  F.  F.). 

GUCURBITACEAE.     GOURD   FAMILY 

ECHINOCYSTIS    T.    &   G.     Wild    Balsam-applE 

E.    lobata    (Michx.)    T.    &    G.     Wild    Cucumber.     Alluvial    banks    and 
waste  places;    frequent.     July-Sept. 

SICYOS  L.     One-seeded  Bur  Cucumber 

S.  aiigiilatus  L.     Star  Cucumber.     River  banks  and  waste  places;   fre- 
quent.    July-Sept.  I 

CAMPANULACEAE.     BLUEBELL  FAMILY  ' 

! 

CAMPANULA    (Tourn.)    L.     Bellflower  ■ 

C.  aparinoides  Pursh.     Marsh  Bellflower.     Low  sedgy  thickets;   occa-       | 
sional.     July,  Aug.  j 

C.    rapunculoides    L.     European    Bellflower.     An    occasional    roadside        \ 
escape.     July,  Aug.  i 

C.  rotundifolia  L.     Harebell,  Bluebell.     Rocky  banks;   common.     June- 

Oct.  i 

C.  Trachelium   L.     Nettle-leaved   Bellflower,   Throatwort.      Adventive,        \ 
Colchester,    (Griffin).     Aug.  | 

SPECULARIA  (Heist.)  Fabric.     Venus's  Looking-glass  •; 

S.   perfoliata    (L.)    DC.     Dry    rocky   woodlands;    rare.        June,    July.       j 
South  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).  j 

LOBELIACEAE.     LOBELIA  FAMILY 

LOBELIA    (Plum.)    L.  i 

L.  cardiiialis  L.     Cardinal  Flower.     Low  grounds;    occasional.     Aug.         'j 

L.  iuflata  L.     Indian  Tobacco.     Fields  and  pastures;   common.     July-       •: 

Sept.  '! 

:i 


FLORA   OF  BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  85 

L.  Kalmii  L.     Cool  moist  rocks;   occasional.     July,  Aug. 
L.  spicata  Lam.     Moist  sandy  soil;  occasional.     July,  Aug. 

COMPOSITAE.     COMPOSITE  FAMILY 

ACHILLEA   (Vaill.)    L.     Yarrow 

A,  Millefolium  L.  Common  Yarrow,  Milfoil.  Dry  fields  and  roadsides; 
common,     July-Oct.     The  pink-flowered  form  is  occasional. 

AMBROSIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Ragweed 

A.  arteiiiisiifolia  L.  Roman  Wormwood,  Hog-weed,  Bitter-weed.  A 
common  weed  everywhere.     Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  PsiLOSTACHYA  DC.  Adveutive  in  railroad  yard,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.). 
Aug.,   Sept. 

A.,  trifida  L.  Great  Ragweed.  Moist  alluvial  soil;  local.  Williston, 
(Bates);  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.).  Rare  as  a  weed  elsewhere.  Aug. 
Var.  iNTEGRiFOLiA  (Muhl.)  T.  &  G.     Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.) 

ANAPHALIS  DC.     Everlasting 

A.  margaritaeea  (L.)  B.  &  H.  Pearly  Everlasting.  Dry  hills  and 
woods;  common.     July-Sept. 

ANTENNARIA   Gaertn.     Everlasting.     Ladies'  Tobacco.     Pussy's   Toes 

A.  cauadeusis  Greene.     Dry  and  moist  ground;   frequent.     May,  June. 

A.  fallax  Greene.     In  partial   shade;    frequent.     May. 

A,  iieg'lecta  Greene.     Old  fields;  frequent.     May. 

A.  ueodioica  Greene.     Old  pastures  and  fields;   frequent.     May,  June. 

A.  Parlinii  Fern.  Dry  banks  and  thickets;  rare.  May,  June.  Col- 
chester,   (Griffin). 

A.  petaloidea  Fern.  Old  pastures;  rare.  May.  Shelburne,  (Brain- 
erd)  ;    Burlington,    (Hazen,  N.  F.  F.). 

A.  plautag'iiiifolia  (L.)  Richards.  Plantain-leaved  Everlasting.  Dry 
soil ;    common.     May,   June. 

ANTHEMIS  (Mich.)  L.     Chamomile 

A,  Cotula  L.  Mayweed,  Dog  Fennel.  Waste  places  and  roadsides; 
common.     June-Oct. 


86  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  -AND  VICINITY 

ARCTIUM  L,     Burdock 

A.    Lappa    L,     Great    Burdock.     Roadsides;    local.     July-Sept.     Essex, 

(Jones);   Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.). 
A«  MINUS    (Hill)   Bernh.     Common  Burdock.     Waste  places;    common. 

July-Oct. 

ARTEMISIA  (Tourn.)   L.     Wormwood 
A.   Absinthium    L.     Wormwood.       Roadside,    Colchester,    (N.    F.    F.). 

Aug.,    Sept. 
A.  BIENNIS  Willd.     Abundant  around  railroad  and  lumber  yards,  Bur- 
lington.    Aug.,  Sept. 
A.  caudata  Michx.     Tall  Wormwood.    Abundant  on  sandy  bluff  of  Lake 
Champlain,  Burlington.     Aug.,  Sept. 

A,  VULGARIS  L.  Common  Mugwort.  Waste  places  and  roadsides;  com- 
mon.    July,  Aug. 

ASTER  (Tourn.)  L.     Aster 

A.   acumiiiatus   Michx.     Cool   rich   woods;    frequent.     July,   Aug. 

A.  cordifolius  L.  Heart-leaved  Aster.  Woodlands;  common.  Aug., 
Sept. 

A.  diraricatus  L.  White  Wood  Aster.  Moist  woodlands;  frequent. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  ericoides  L.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  Pringlei  Gray.  Pringle's 
Aster.  Slaty  headlands  of  Lake  Champlain;  rare.  Aug.  Shel- 
burne,    (Pringle)  ;    Burlington. 

A.  lateriflorus  (L.)  Britton.  Thickets  and  fields;  occasional.  Aug., 
Sept. 

A.  lateriflorus  (L.)  Britton,  var.  liirsuticaulis  (Lindl.)  Porter.  Hairy- 
stemmed  Aster.     Borders  of  thickets;  common.     Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  linariifolms  L.     Stiff  Aster.     Dry  sandy  soil;   common.     Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  maerophyllus  L.  Large-leaved  Aster.  Moist  woods;  common.  Aug., 
Sept.     Presenting  many  different  forms. 

A,  iioyae-angliae  L.  New  England  Aster.  Moist  grounds;  rare.  Sept. 
Burlington,  (Jones,  N.  F.  F.).  Var.  roseus  (Desf.)  DC.  Bur- 
lington,   (Miss  Moore). 

A.  pauicnlatus  Lam.  Tall  White  or  Panicled  Aster.  Moist  soil;  com- 
mon.    Sept.     Presenting  many  different  forms. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  87 

A.  puniceus  L.  Purple-stemmed  Aster.  Low  thickets  and  swamps; 
frequent.     Sept. 

A.  Tradescanti  L.     Michaelmas  Daisy.     Low  grounds;   common.     Sept. 

A,  umbellatus  Mill.  Flat-topped  White  Aster.  Moist  thickets;  fre- 
quent.    Aug.,  Sept. 

A.  uiidulatus  L.  Wavy-leaved  Aster.  Dry  copses;  common.  Aug., 
Sept.    Variable. 

A,  Timineus  Lam.     Small  White  Aster.    Moist  banks;  occasional.    Aug. 

A,  yimmeus   Lam.,   var.    saxatilis   Fern.    Ledges   of   Winooski   River, 

Williston,    (Pringle);   Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     Aug. 

BIDENS  L.     Bur  Marigold 

B.  Beckii  Torr.    Water  Marigold.     Ponds  and  deep  slow  streams;  rare. 

Aug.     Shelburne,  (Jones);   Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.,  Mrs.  Walker). 

B,  cemua  L.     Stick-tight.     Wet  places;    common.     Aug.,  Sept. 

B,  conuata  Muhl.     Swamp  Beggar-ticks.     Swamps;    occasional.    Aug., 

Sept. 
S.    frondosa    L.     Common    Beggar-ticks.       Damp    grounds;     common. 
Aug.,   Sept. 

CARDUUS   (Tourn.)  L.     PlumelESs  ThisteE 

C.  CRispus  L.     Adventive,  South  Burlington,   (Chittenden).     Aug. 

CENTAUREA  L.     Star  Thistle 

C.  Cyanus  L.  Blue  Bottle,  Bachelor's  Button,  Corn  Flower.  Spon- 
taneous in  gardens  and  occasionally  adventive  elsewhere.  June- 
Sept. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Ox-EyE  Daisy 

C.  LeucanthEmum  L.,  var.  pinnatieidum  Lecoq  &  Lamotte.  Ox-eye  or 
White  Daisy,  Marguerite,  Whiteweed.  A  common  and  pernicious 
weed  in  fields  and  meadows.     June-Oct. 

CICHORIUM   (Tourn.)   L.     Succory  or  Chicory 

C.  Intybus  L.  Common  Chicory,  Blue  Sailors.  Roadsides  and  fields; 
common  in  Burlington,  less  so  elsewhere.     July,  Aug. 


88  FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY 

CIRSIUM   (Tourn.)   Hill.     Common  or  Plumed  Thistle 

C.  ARVENSE  (L.)  Scop.  Canada  Thistle.  Fields  and  waste  places;  com- 
mon,    June-Sept. 

C.  LANCEOLATUM    (L.)    Hill.     Common   or   Bull   Thistle.     Pastures   and 

roadsides;    common.     July-Sept. 

DYSSODIA  Cav.     Fetid  Marigold 

D.  papposa    (Vent.)    Hitchc.     Adventive   on  wool  waste,   bank   of  Wi- 

nooski  River,  Burlington,   (Brainerd).     July-Oct. 

ERECHTITES  Raf.     FirEweed 

E.  liieracifolia  (L.)  Raf.     Moist  woods,  especially  in  recent  clearings; 

common.     July-Sept. 

ERIGERON   L.     FlEabane 

E.  aiiniius  (L.)  Pers.  Daisy  Fleabane,  Sweet  Scabious.  Fields  and 
waste   places;    common.     June-Sept. 

E.  canadensis  L.  Horseweed,  Butterweed.  Waste  places,  etc.;  com- 
mon.    Julj^-Sept. 

E.  liyssopifolhis  Michx.     Wet  calcareous  rocks;  occasional.    June,  July. 

E.  philadelpliicus  L.  Pink  Fleabane.  Moist  grounds;  common.  May- 
July. 

E.  pulchellus  Michx.  Robin's  Plantain.  Copses  and  moist  banks; 
frequent.     May,  June. 

E.  ramosus  (Walt.)  BSP.  Daisy  Fleabane.  Fields;  common.  June- 
Sept. 

EUPATORIUM  (Tourn.)   L.     Thoroughwort 

E.  perfoliatum  L.  Thoroughwort,  Boneset.  Low  grounds;  common. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

E.  purpureum  L.,  var.  maculatnm  (L.)  Darl.  Joe-Pye  Weed,  Trumpet 
Weed.     Moist  thickets  and  low  grounds;   common.     July,  Aug. 

E.  urticaefolhim  Reich.  White  Snakeroot.  Moist  rich  woods;  occa- 
sional.    Aug.,  Sept. 

GALINSOGA   R.   &   P. 

G.  parviflora  Cav.  One  form  occurs.  Var.  hispida  DC.  First  col- 
lected in  1891,  (Grout),  now  a  common  and  pernicious  garden  weed. 
July-Oct. 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  89 

GNAPHALIUM  L.     CudweEd 

G.  (leeurreus  Ives.     Everlasting.     Clearings,  etc.;  frequent.    Aug.,  Sept. 
G.  polyeeplialiim  Michx.     Common  Everlasting.     Old  fields  and  woods; 

common.     Aug.,   Sept. 
a.  iilig-iuosum  L.     Low  Cudweed.     Moist  soil;   common.     July-Sept. 

HELIANTHUS  L.     Sunflower 

H,  ANNuus  L.     Common  Sunflower.    Occasionally  spontaneous  in  waste 

places.     Aug.,   Sept. 
H.  decapetalus  L.     Thin-leaved  Sunflower.     Copses  and  low  banks  of 

streams;  occasional.     Aug.,  Sept. 
H.  divaricatus  L.     Rough  or  Woodland  Sunflower.     Thickets  and  sandy 

woods;    common.     July-Sept. 
H.  PETioLARis  Nutt.     Adventive  in  garden,  Burlington,  (Helyer).     Aug., 

Sept. 

H.  strumosus  L.  Pale-leaved  Wood  Sunflower.  Dry  woods  and  banks; 
frequent.     Aug.,  Sept. 

H.  TUBEROSus  L.  Jerusalem  Artichoke.  Along  fences  and  roadsides; 
frequent.     Sept.,  Oct. 

HELIOPSIS   Pers.     Ox-EVE 

H,  SCABRA  Dunal.  Adventive  in  fields  and  by  roadsides.  Aug.,  Sept. 
Burlington,   (Jones);    Shelburne,   (Mrs.  Gebhardt). 

HIERACIUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Hawk  weed 

H.  AURANTiACUM  L.  Orange  Hawkweed,  Devil's  Paint-brush,  Grim  the 
Collier.  Fields  and  pastures;  a  common  and  pernicious  weed. 
June-Sept. 

H-  canadeuse  Michx.  Canada  Hawkweed.  Borders  of  woods;  frequent. 
Aug.,   Sept. 

H.  FLORENTiNUM  All.  King  Devil.  One  plant  on  railroad  embankment, 
Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.)  ;   Colchester,   (Griffin).     June. 

11.  paiiiciilatiim  L.  Panicled  Hawkweed.  Open  woods;  occasional. 
Aug. 

H.  PRAEAT.TUM  Goch.,  var.  dEcipiEns  Koch.  Interval  land.  South  Bur- 
lington,   (Mrs.  Walker).     June. 


90  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

H,  scabrum  Michx.     Rough  Hawkweed.     Dry  plains  and  pine  woods; 

frequent.     July,  Aug. 
H,  Teiiosum  L.     Rattlesnake-weed,  Poor  Robin's  Plantain.     Dry  plains 

and  pine  woods;   frequent.     June,  July. 

INULA  L.     Elecampane 

L  HeeEnium  L.  Elecampane.  Roadsides  and  damp  pastures;  fre- 
quent.    Aug. 

•LACTUCA  (Tourn.)  L.     Lettuce 

L.  canadensis  L.  Wild  Lettuce,  Horseweed.  Rich  damp  soil,  borders 
of  fields  and  thickets;  frequent.  July,  Aug.  Var.  Montana  Brit- 
ton.     South  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     July,  Aug. 

L,  scariola  L.,  var.  integrata  Gren.  &  Godr.  Prickly  Lettuce.  Abun- 
dant along  Rutland  R.  R.  in  some  localities  in  Burlington  and  Col- 
chester, and  occasional  as  a  weed  elsewhere.     July-Sept. 

L,  spicata  (Lam.)  Hitchc.  Tall  Blue  Lettuce.  Low  grounds;  frequent. 
July,  Aug. 

MATRICARIA    (Tourn.)    L.     Wild   Chamomile 

M,  suaveolEns  (Pursh)  Buch.  Pine-apple-weed.  About  waste  ground 
and  railroad  yards,  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.).     June,  July. 

PRENANTHES    (Vaill.)    L.     RattlESNake-root 

P.  alba  L.  White  Lettuce,  Rattlesnake-root.  Borders  of  rich  woods; 
common.     Aug.,   Sept. 

P.  altissima  L.  Tall  White  Lettuce.  Rich  moist  woods;  frequent. 
Aug.,  Sept. 

P.  trifoliolata  (Cass.)  Fern.  Gall-of-the-earth.  Thickets  and  woods; 
rare.  Aug.,  Sept.  Burlington,  (Grout) ;  Essex,  (N.  F.  F.) ;  Col- 
chester, (Griffin). 

RUDBECKIA  L.     ConE-flowER 

R.  HiRTA  L.  Yellow  Daisy,  Black-eyed  Susan,  Nigger-head.  Meadows; 
common.     June-Sept. 

E.  laciniata  L.  Tall  Cone-flower,  Thimble-weed.  Low  thickets;  rare. 
Aug.,  Sept.     High  Bridge,  (Jones);  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.). 


I 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  91 

SENECIO  (Tourn.)  L.     Groundsei..     Ragwort.     Squaw-weed 

S.  aureus  L.  Golden  Ragwort.  Moist  rocks,  High  Bridge,  (Ross). 
June,   July. 

S.  Balsamliae  Muhl.  Balsam  Groundsel.  Rocky  banks  of  Winooski 
River ;    frequent.     May- July. 

S.  Balsamitae  Muhl.,  var.  praelongus  Greenm.  Rocky  bank  of  Winooski 
River  near  Twin  Bridges,   (Jones);   Essex,    (Ross).     June. 

S.  obovatns  Muhl.  Round-leaved  Squaw-weed.  Rocky  bank  of  Wi- 
nooski River,  Essex,    (Ross).     June. 

S.  EobWiisii  Oakes.  Robbin's  Squaw-weed.  Wet  meadows  and 
swamps;  rare.  June,  July.  South  Burlington,  (Ross);  Shel- 
burne,   (N.  F.  F.). 

S.  VULGARIS  L.  Common  Groundsel.  A  weed  in  gardens  and  waste 
places;    occasional.     July-Sept. 

SILPHIUM  L.     Rosin-weed 

S.  PERFOEiATuM  L.  Cup  Plant.  Adventive  by  roadside,  Burlington, 
(Jones).    Aug.,   Sept. 

SOLIDAGO  L.     GoEDEN-ROD 

S.  arguta  Ait.     Cut-leaved  Golden-rod.     Burlington,    (Grout).     Aug. 
S.  Wcolor  L.     White  Golden-rod.     Dry  copses;    common.     Aug.,   Sept. 
S.   caesia   L.     Blue-stemmed    Golden-rod.     Rich   woodlands;    common. 

Aug.,   Sept. 
S.  canadensis  L.     Canada  Golden-rod.     Borders  of  thickets  and  fields; 

common.     Aug.,    Sept. 
S.  graminifolia   (L.)   Salisb.     Bushy  Golden-rod.     Moist  soil;   common. 

Aug.,   Sept. 
S.  hispida  Muhl.     Hairy  Golden-rod.     Dry  shady  cliffs  and  sterile  soil; 

occasional.    Aug.,  Sept. 
S.  juncea  Ait.     Early  Golden-rod.     Copses  and  banks;   common.     July, 

Aug. 
S.   latifolia   L.     Zig-zag   Golden-rod.     Moist    shaded    banks;    frequent. 

Aug.,  Sept. 
S.  nenioralis  Ait.     Gray  or  Field  Golden-rod.     Dry  open  soil;  common. 

Aug.,  Sept.    A  peculiar  low  form  is  occasional  with  the  type. 


92  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

S.   pulberula   Nutt.     Downy   Golden-rod.     Sandy    soil;    common.     Aug., 

Sept. 
S.    racemosa    Greene.     Rocky   banks    of   Winooski    River;    occasional. 

Aug.     Winooski  Gorge  is  the  station  of  Pursh's  type. 
S.  mgosa  Mill.     Tall  Hairy  Golden-rod.     Borders  of  fields  and  copses; 

common.     Aug.,    Sept. 
S.   serotina   Ait.     Late   Golden-rod.     Thickets,   in   rich   soil;    frequent. 

Aug.,  Sept. 
S.  squarrosa  Muhl.     Stout  Ragged  Golden-rod.     Dry  woods;   frequent. 

Aug.,   Sept. 
S.  uliginosa   Nutt.     Bog   Golden-rod.     Peat   bogs;    rare.     Sept.     South 

Burlington,    (Jones). 

SONCHUS  (Tourn.)  L.     Sow  Thistle 

S.  ARVENsrs  L.  Field  Sow  Thistle.  Shores  and  waste  places;  occa- 
sional.    July-Sept. 

S.  ASPER  (L.)  Hill.  Spiny-leaved  Sow  Thistle.  Waste  places;  occa- 
sional.    July-Oct. 

S.  OLERACEus  L.  Common  Sow  Thistle.  Waste  places;  frequent.  July- 
Oct. 

TANACETUM    (Tourn.)   L.     Tansy 

T.  vuEGARE  L.  Common  Tansy.  Roadsides,  etc.;  frequent.  Aug.,  Sept. 
Var.  CRiSPUM  DC.  South  Burlington,  (Ross) ;  Burlington,  (N. 
F.    F.). 

TARAXACUM    (Haller)    Ludwig.     Dandeuon 

T,  ERYTHROSPERMUM  Audrz.     Rcd-sccded  Dandelion.    Shallow  soil  about 

ledges;  frequent.     Apr.,  May. 
T,   oFFiciNAEE   Weber.       Common    Dandelion.        Common    everywhere. 

Apr.-Sept. 

TRAGOPOGON    (Tourn.)    L.     Goat's   Beard 
T.  PRATENSis  L.     Roadsides  and  meadows;    occasional.     June-Sept. 

TUSSILAGO    (Tourn.)    L.     Coetsfoot 
T,  Farfara  L.     Moist  clay  banks;   occasional.     Apr.,  May. 


FLORA   OP   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  93 

XANTHIUM  (Tourn.)  L.     Cocki^i-bur.     Clotbuk 

X.   caiiadeuse   Mill,     Lake   shores   and   river   banks;    frequent.     Aug., 

Sept. 
X.    coiiimuue    Britton.     Shores    of    Lake    Champlain;    common.     Aug., 

Sept. 
X,  echiiiatum  Murr.      Lake  shores  and  river  banks;    common.     Aug., 

Sept. 


94  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 


SUPPLEMENTARY   LIST 

This  is  a  list  of  plants  which  should  be  sought  in  the  region 
covered  by  this  Flora,  and  comprises  those  plants  which  are  known  to 
have  occurred  here,  but  of  which  no  specimen  was  taken  or  preserved, 
those  which  occur  near  the  limits  of  this  region  and  may  naturally  be 
expected  here,  and  those  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  Torrey  collec- 
tion, U.  V.  M.  herbarium,  but  without  locality. 

Others  have  been  taken  from  Perkins'  Flora,  Thompson's  Ver- 
mont and  an  old  list  of  Burlington  plants  published  in  the  Bur- 
lington Free  Press  about  1845,  in  the  hope  that  search  may  reveal 
some  of  them. 

Csniiinda  cinnamomea  L.,  var.  froudosa  Gray.  Swamps  and  low  copses. 
May.     Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Isoetes  sp.  In  water  and  wet  places.  Some  of  these  ought  to  be  found 
here. 

Spargaiiium  simplex  Huds.     In  water.     July.     Charlotte,  (Pringle). 

Potamogeton  alpinns  Balbis.  Ponds  and  streams.  July,  Aug.  Hines- 
burgh   Pond,    (Jones). 

Potamogeton  obtusifolius  Mertens  &  Koch.  Ponds  and  streams.  July, 
Aug.     Ferrisburgh,    (Grout  and  Eggleston). 

Potamogeton  angustifolius  Berchtold  &  Presl.  Lake  Champlain,  Mil- 
ton,   (Grout). 

Ammophila  areuaria  (L.)  Link.  Sandy  beaches.  Aug.,  Sept.  Re- 
ported from  Colchester  Point,   (Jones). 

Descliampsia  eaespitosa  (L.)  Beauv.  Reported  from  rocky  shore  of 
Winooski  River,  south  side,  between  Essex  Junction  and  Bur- 
lington, (Jones).  He  says  the  species  was  undoubted,  but  no 
herbarium  specimen  can  be  found.     June,  July. 

Holeiis  lanatus  L.  Fields  and  meadows,  June,  July.  Charlotte,  (Prin- 
gle). 

Milium  effusum  L.     Cold  damp  woods.     June.     Torrey  collection. 

Mulileubergia  sylvatica  Torr.  Moist  rocky  woods  and  wooded  banks. 
Aug.,  Sept.     Torrey  collection.     Ferrisburgh,   (Pringle). 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY  95 

Carex  aquatilis  AVahl.  Swamps  and  lake  margins.  June-Aug.  Torrey 
collection. 

Carex  Bicknellii  Britton.  Dry  rocky  soil.  June,  July.  Torrey  col- 
lection. 

Carex  flaya  L.,  var.  rectirostris  Gaudin.  Wet  margins  of  springs  and 
low  borders  of  ponds.     July,  Aug.     Torrey  collection. 

Carex  gyiiocrates  Wormsk.  Swamps  and  bogs.  June-Aug.  Burling- 
ton,   (Torrey)  ;    Perkins'  Flora. 

Carex  poljgama  Schkuhr.  Bogs  and  wet  shores.  May- July.  Torrey 
collection. 

Carex  retrorsa  Schwein.,  var.  Hartii  (Dewey)  Gray.  Wet  places.  July, 
Aug.     Torrey  collection. 

Carex  triceps  Michx.,  var.  liirsuta  (Willd.)  Bailey.  Moist  fields.  June, 
July.     Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Carex  tricliocarpa  Muhl.  Marshes.  June,  July.  Burlington;  Perkins' 
Flora. 

Carex  retroflexa  Muhl.  Dry  open  woods.  May,  June.  Burlington, 
(Torrey) ;    Perkins'   Flora. 

Carex  yaginata  Tausch.  Bogs  and  mossy  woods.  June,  July.  Torrey 
collection. 

Carex  yirescens  Muhl.  Moist  pastures.  June,  July.  Charlotte,  (Prin- 
gle). 

Scirpus  planifolius  Muhl.  Dry  open  fields.  May,  June.  Charlotte, 
(Pringle). 

Peltaudra  yirgiuica  (L.)  Kunth.  Bogs.  July.  Colchester,  (Robbins) ; 
Thompson's  Vermont. 

Jnncus  filiformis  L.  Wet  shores  and  bogs.  June,  July.  Shore  of 
Lake  Champlain,  Ferrisburgh,  (Robbins) ;  Thompson's  Vermont. 

Zigadenns  chlorauthus  Richards.  Calcareous  soils.  July.  Ferris* 
burgh,    (Brainerd). 

Ilypoxis  hirsuta  (L.)  Coville.  Meadows  and  open  woods.  June.  July. 
Free  Press. 

Sisyrinchiuiii  graiiiineuiii  Curtis.  Wet  meadows  and  damp  woods.  May, 
June.     Burlington,    (Macrae) ;    Thompson's  Vermont. 

Corallorrliiza  odoiitorhiza  Nutt.  W^oods.  Aug.,  Sept.  Torrey  collec- 
tion.    Reported  from  Mud  Pond,  Williston,   (Bryant). 


96  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

Corallorrhiza  striata  Lindl.     Woods.     May,  June.     Torrey  collection. 
Hal)eiiaria    flava    (L.)     Gray.    Wet    places.     June,    July.     Burlington, 

(Macrae)  ;   Thompson's  Vermont. 
Liparis    liliifolia    (L.)    Richards.     Woods.     June,    July.       Found    just 

south  of  Fort  Ethan  Allen,  but  specimen  lost. 

Spiraiitlies  lueida  (Eaton)  Ames.  Moist  banks.  June,  July.  Torrey 
collection.     Reported  from  near  Winooski  Gorge,    (Ross). 

Carya  glabra  (Mill.)  Spach.  Dry  woodlands.  May.  Torrey  collection. 
Ferrisburgh,    (Brainerd). 

Coryliis  americaiia  Walt.  Reported  from  sand  plains.  South  Burling- 
ton,   (Howe). 

Quereiis  Primis  L.  Rocky  banks  and  hillsides.  May.  Charlotte, 
(Pringle). 

Ulimis  raeeinosa  Thomas.  Rocky  woodlands.  May.  Occurs  as  a  street 
tree  in  Burlington. 

Polygromim  amphibium  L.  Margins  of  ponds  and  slow  streams.  Aug., 
Sept.     Richmond,    (Pringle). 

Polygonum  Douglasii  Greene.  Rocky  or  sterile  soil.  Aug.,  Sept.  Char- 
lotte,   (Pringle). 

Polygonum  liydroplperoldes  Michx.  Wet  places  and  in  shallow  water. 
Aug.,    Sept.     Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Polygonum  tenue  Michx.  Dry  soil.  Aug.,  Sept.  Torrey  collection. 
This  occurs  at  Keeseville  on  opposite  side  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Amaranthus   paniculatus   L.     Weed  in   garden,   Shelburne,    (Pringle) ; 

Flora  of  Vermont. 
Coratopliyllum   demersum   L.      Slow   streams   and   ponds.     June,   July. 

Reported  from  Ferrisburgh.     Mouth  of  Winooski  River,  (Robbins) ; 

Thompson's  Vermont. 
Anemonella  thalictroides    (L.)    Spach.     Woods.     May.     Reported  from 

Burlington,    (Benedict), 

Cimicifuga  racemosa  (L.)  Nutt.  Rich  woods.  July.  Torrey  collec- 
tion. 

Ranunculus  faseicularis  Muhl.  Dry  or  moist  hills.  Apr.,  May.  Re- 
ported from  Burlington,   (Benedict,  Bigelow). 

Menispermum  canadense  L.  Banks  of  streams.  June,  July.  Char- 
lotte, (Pringle).  Reported  from  Ethan  Allen  Park,  Burlington, 
(Ross).    Burlington,     (Carey);    Thompson's   Vermont. 


FLORA   OF   BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  97 

Arabis  canadensis  L.  Rocky  woods  and  ravines.  June-Ang.  Torrey 
collection.     Winooski  River,  Colchester,  (Torrey) ;   Perkins'  Flora. 

Arabis  lyrata  L.  Rocks  or  sandy  shores.  May-July.  Torrey  collec- 
tion. 

Cardaniine  bulbosa  (Schreb.)  BSP.  Wet  meadows.  May.  Torrey  col- 
lection. 

Kadicula  XastTirtiiim-aquaticiim  (L.)  Britten  &  Rendle.  Brooks, 
ditches,  etc.     Jiine-Aug.     Charlotte,  (Pringle). 

Crataegus  auomala  Sarg.     Fl.  May;   fr.  Oct. 
Crataegus  Braiuerdi  Sarg.,  var.  asperifolia   (Sarg.)   Eggl. 
Crataegus  Braiuerdi  Sarg.,  var.  Egglestoni   (Sarg.)   Robins. 
Crataegus  Braiuerdi  Sarg.,  var.  seabrida   (Sarg.)   Eggl. 
Crataegus  champlaiueusis  Sarg.     Fl.  May;   fr.  Sept.,  Oct. 
Crataegus  Holmesiaua  Ashe.     Fl.  May;    fr.  Aug.,  Sept. 
Crataegus  macracautha  Lodd,  var.  ueofluvialis  (Ashe)  Eggl.    Fl.  May; 
fr.  Sept. 

Crataegus  macracautha  Lodd,  var.  succulenta  (Schrad.)  Eggl.    Fl.  May; 

fr.   Sept. 
Crataegus  macrosperma  Ashe,  var.   demissa    (Sarg.)   Eggl.     Fl.  May; 

fr.   Sept. 
Crataegus  macrosperma  Ashe,  var.  pastorum   (Sarg.)  Eggl.    Fl.  May; 

fr.   Sept. 
Crataegus  macrosperma  Ashe,  var.  peutandra  (Sarg.)  Eggl.     Fl.  May; 

fr.   Sept. 

Crataegus  polita  Sarg.     Fl.  May;  fr.  Sept. 

Crataegus  Priuglei  Sarg.     Fl.  May;   fr.  Sept.     Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Crataegus  Priuglei  Sarg.,  var.  exclusa  (Sarg.)  Eggl.     Fl.  May;  fr.  Sept. 

Crataegus  Priuglei  Sarg.,  var.  lolnilata  (Sarg.)  Eggl.  Fl.  May;  fr. 
Sept. 

Crataegus  pruinosa  (Wendl.)  Koch  forma  dissoua  (Sarg.)  Eggl.  Fl. 
May;  fr.  Oct. 

Crataegus  punctata  Jacq.,  var.  canescens  Britton.     Fl.  May;  fr.  Oct. 

Crataegus  punctata  Jacq.,  var.  rubra  Ait.     Fl.  May,  June;  fr.  Oct. 

Crataegus  roaneusis  Ashe.     Fl.  May;   fr.  Sept. 


98  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

Crataegus   rotuiidifolia   Moench,  var.  Faxoni    (Sarg.)   Eggl.     Fl.  May; 

fr.  Aug.,   Sept. 
Desmodium   panieulatum    (L.)    DC.     Copses.     July.     Charlotte,    (Prin- 

gle). 
Lespedeza  frnteseeiis    (L.)    Britton.     Open  rocky  woods.     Aug.,  Sept. 

Mt.  Phllo,  Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Lespedeza    hirta    (L.)    Hornem.     Dry    hills    and    plains.     Aug.,    Sept. 
Colchester,    (Robbins) ;    Thompson's  Vermont. 

Oxalis  yiolacea  L.     Rocky  places  and  open  woods.    May.     Free  Press. 
Euphorbia   Peplus    L.     Waste   places   and    cultivated   grounds.      Aug. 
Charlotte,    (Pringle). 

Euphorbia  Preslii  Guss.       Dry  open  soil.       July,  Aug.       Burlington, 
(Tuckerman);    Thompson's  Vermont. 

Rhus   canadensis  Marsh.     Dry   rocky  banks.     May.     Charlotte,    (Prin- 
gle). 

Hypericum  ma  jus   (Gray)  Britton,     Wet  or  dry  open  soil.     July,  Aug. 

Charlotte,    (Pringle). 
Conioseliuum   chiueuse    (L.)    BSP.      Swamps   and   cold    cliffs.      Aug., 

Sept.     Burlington,    (Macrae) ;    Thompson's  Vermont. 

Comus  florida  L.     Dry  woods.    May.     Free  Press. 

Lyonia  ligustrina   (L.)   DC.     Moist  thickets.     June,  July.     Torrey  col- 
lection. 

Pyrola  secunda  L.,  var.  ohtusata  Turcz.     Reported  from  South  Burling- 
ton,  (Ross). 

Rhododendron  canescens  (Michx.)  G.  Don.    Woods  and  gravelly  shores. 
May,  June.     Reported  from  Burlington,   (N.  F.  F.). 

Rhododendron  viscosum  (L.)  Torr.     Swamps.     June,  July.    Free  Press. 
Vaccinium  corymhosum  L.,  var.  amoenum   (Ait.)   Gray.     Swamps  and 
low  thickets.     May,  June.     Charloite,    (Pringle). 

Glentiana  criuita  Froel.     Low  grounds.     Sept.     Torrey  collection. 

Geutiana  linearis  Froel.     Bogs  and  wet  rocks.    Aug.     Torrey  collec- 
tion.    Hinesburgh,    (Horsford). 

Halenia  deflexa    (Sm.)    Griseb.    Damp  and  cool  woods.     Aug.,   Sept. 
Charlotte,    (Horsford  and  Pringle). 

Asclepias  incarnata  L.,  var.  pulchra    (Ehrh.)    Pers.     Swamps.     July, 
Aug.     Torrey   collection. 


1 

I 


FLORA   OP  BURLINGTON   AND  VICINITY  99 

Litbospermum  aryeiise  L.  Sandy  fields  and  roadsides.  May-Aug.  Char- 
lotte,   (Pringle). 

liTCopsis  arvensis  L.  Dry  or  sandy  fields  and  waste  places.  July. 
Torrey  collection. 

Pycuaiithemum  muticnin  (Michx.)  Pers.  Reported  from  bank  of  Wi- 
nooski  River,  Colchester,    (Grout). 

Gerardia   flava  L.     Open  woods.     July,   Aug.     Torrey   collection. 

Gerardia  pediciilaria  L.     Dry  copses.     July,  Aug.     Torrey  collection. 

Pentstemon  hirsutus  (L.)  Willd.  Dry  or  rocky  grounds.  June,  July. 
Charlotte,    (Pringle).     Torrey   collection. 

Veronica  Anagallis-aqiiatica  L.  Brooks  and  ditches.  June-Aug.  Re- 
ported from  Williston,   (Bryant). 

Veronica  yirgiuica  L.  Rich  soil.  July,  Aug.  Colchester,  (Oakes) ; 
Thompson's  Vermont. 

Conopliolis  americana  (L.  f.)  Wallr.  Rock  Pt„  Burlington,  (Macrae) ; 
Thompson's  Vermont. 

Dianthera  americana  L.  In  water.  July,  Aug.  Ferrisburgh,  (Pad- 
dock). 

Littorella  uniflora  (L.)  Asch.  In  water  or  on  gravelly  shores.  Aug., 
Sept.     "Ought  to  be  found  here  on  lake  shore."     Pringle. 

Dipsaciis  sylvestris  Huds.  Roadsides.  July,  Aug.  Charlotte,  (Prin- 
gle). 

Lobelia  Dortmanua  L.  Borders  of  ponds.  Aug.  Torrey  collection. 
Shelburne  Pond,    (Perkins) ;    Perkins'  Flora. 

Aster  jiinceus  Ait.     Swamps  and  bogs.     Aug.     Ought  to  be  found  here. 

Aster  noyi-belgii  L.     Low  grounds.     Aug.,  Sept.     Torrey  collection. 

Bidens    Tulgata    Greene.     Has    been    confused   with    B.    frondosa    and 

should  be  sought  in  moist  places  and  by  roadsides,     Aug.,  Sept. 

Cirsium  discolor  (Muhl.)  Spreng.  Rich  soil.  Aug.,  Sept.  Ferris- 
burgh,  (Brainerd). 

Hieracium  Gronovii  L.  Sandy  soil.  Aug.,  Sept.  Burlington,  (Tor- 
rey) ;    Perkins'  Flora. 

Hieracium  marianum  Willd.  Open  woods  and  clearings.  June-Aug. 
Torrey    collection. 

I.actuca  birsuta  Muhl.     Dry  open  ground.     July.    Charlotte,  (Pringle). 


100  FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 

Lactuca  iiitegrifolia  Bigel.  Rich  thickets.  July,  Aug.  Reported  from 
Burlington,   (Ross). 

Onopordum  Acaiithium  L.  Roadsides  and  waste  places.  July,  Aug. 
Charlotte,  (Pringle).  Dry  pastures,  Williston,  (Robbins)  ;  Thomp- 
son's Vermont. 

Petasites  palmatus  (Ait.)  Gray.  Swamps.  May,  June.  Charlotte, 
(Pringle). 

Prenauthes  serpentaria  Pursh.  Dry  open  soil.  Aug.,  Sept.  Torrey 
collection. 


STATISTICAL    SUMMARIES 

In  the  following  summaries  varieties  and  hybrids  are  counted  with 
species.  When,  however,  in  Tables  II  and  III  the  numbers  are  the 
same,  precedence  in  the  list  is  given  to  the  family  or  genus  having  the 
fewer  varieties  and  hybrids.  The  summaries  include  the  species  recog- 
nized  in  the  list  of  "Additions  and   Corrections." 


I.     NUMBERS  AND  SYSTEMATIC  DISTRIBUTION  OF  SPECIES 

Native  Foreign  Total 


Pteridophytes 
Spermatophytes 

Totals 


67 
895 

962 


0 

278 

278 


67 
1172 

1240 


II. 


DISTRIBUTION   OF    SPECIES   AND   VARIETIES    AMONG   THE 
PRINCIPAL   FAMILIES 

INCLUDING    ALL    HAVING    15    OR    MORE    SPECIES 


Genera 


Species  and  varieties 


Native 

Foreign 

Total 

Cyperaceae 

7 

128 

0 

128 

Compositae 

37 

84 

37 

121 

Gramineae 

44 

74 

37 

111 

Rosaceae 

16 

56 

9 

65 

Ranunculaceae 

11 

31 

5 

36 

Polypodiaceae 

15 

36 

0 

36 

Orchidaceae 

12 

34 

0 

34 

Leguminosae 

14 

13 

20 

33 

Cruciferae 

15 

15 

18 

33 

Labiatae 

18 

18 

14 

32 

Ericaceae 

16 

30 

0 

30 

Polygonaceae 

4 

16 

13 

29 

Umbelliferae 

16 

15 

6 

21 

Liliaceae 

17 

20 

4 

24 

Caryophyllaceae 

10 

8 

16 

24 

Salicaceae 

2 

16 

6 

22 

Scrophulariaceae 

12 

16 

5 

21 

Violaceae 

1 

18 

1 

19 

Najadaceae 

2 

18 

0 

18 

Caprifoliaceae 

7 

15 

2 

17 

Onagraceae 

4 

13 

3 

16 

Urticaceae 

10 

10 

5 

15 

The  other  89  families 

168 

279 

76 

355 

102 


FLORA  OF  BURLINGTON  AND  VICINITY 


i 


III.     THE  PRINCIPAL  GENERA 

INCLUDING    ALL   HAVING    10    OR    MORE    SPECIES 


Genera 

Species 

Genera 

Species 

Carex 

94 

Salix 

15 

Viola 

19 

Ranunculus 

15 

Polygonum 

18 

Scirpus 

12 

Potamogeton 

18 

Habenaria 

11 

Aster 

16 

Crataegus 

11 

Panicum 

16 

Galium 

10 

Solidago 

15 

Juncus 

10 

ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS 

Preface.    After  C.  G.  Hinsdale,  Boston,  Mass.,  insert — A.  S.  Hitchcock, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Page  14.     Insert — Pauicum  linearifolium   Scribn.     Woods.      June-Aug. 
Burlington,  (Hitchcock). 

Page  16.     Third  line  from  bottom,  before   Hordeum  sativum  Jessen,  in- 
sert— AvENA  SATivA  L.,  Oat. 

Page  19.     Sixteenth  line  from  bottom,  for  var.  irrigua  (Wahlenb.)  Fern, 
read  var.  palleus  Fern. 

Page  20.     Twelfth   line  from  top,  for  "Low   open  ground;    frequent." 
read  "Essex  Junction,  (Brainerd)." 

Page  35.     Tenth  line  from  bottom,  before  "South  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.)" 
insert — Burlington,    (Torrey). 

Page  45.     Omit  first,  second  and  third  lines.     Before  DENTARIA  in- 
sert— 

CONRINGIA    (Heist.)    Adans.     Hare's-ear  Mustard 

C.  orientalis      (L.)   Dumort.     Adventive  in  railroad  yards,  Burlington, 
(N.  F.  F.).     June,  July. 

Page  53.     Tenth  line  from  bottom,  for  "(Torrey)"  read  "(Benedict)." 

Page  65.     Seventh  line  from  top,  for  "Colchester,  (Torrey,  N.  F.  F.)," 
read  "Burlington,  (Torrey);  Colchester,   (N.  F.  F.)." 

Page  65.     Twelfth  line  from  bottom,  after  "Fort  Ethan  Allen,  (Grout)," 
insert — railroad  yard,  Burlington,  (N.  F.  F.). 

Page  73.     Fourth  line  from  bottom,  for  "I.  coccinea  L."  read  "I,  coc- 
ciNEA   L.   var.   hederifolia    (L.)    Gray." 

Page  80.     Ninth  line  from  top,  for  "Burlington  and  Essex,  (N.  F.  F.)," 
read  "Burlington,  (Torrey,  N.  F.  F.) ;  Essex,  (N.  F.  F.)." 

Page  80.     Tenth  line  from  bottom,  for  "Blue  Bottle"  read  "Bluebottle." 

Page  94.     Sixth  line  from  top,  after  "those"  insert — a  comma. 


INDEX 


Abele   29 
Abies    6 
Abutilon   61 
Acacia,   False   55 
Acalypha  57 
Acer    59 
Aceraceae   59 
Achillea  85 
Acnida   37 
Acorus   23 
Actaea  40 
Adder's  Mouth  29 

Green  29 
Adder's  Tongue  4 

Family   4 

Yellow  25 
Adiantum  1 
Adlumia  44 
Aesculus  59 
Agastache  75 
Agrimonia  49 
Agrimony   49 

Tall  Hairy  49 

Woodland   49 
Agropyron  9 
Agrostemma  38 
Agrostis  10 
Ague-weed  72 
Aizoaceae    38 
Ajuga   75 
Alder  31 

Black  58 

Downy  Green  31 

Hoary   31 

Smooth    82 

Speckled  31 
Alder-leaved  Buck- 
thorn 60 
Alfalfa    54 
Alisma   9 
Alismaceae  9 
Allegheny  Vine  44 
Allium  25 
Allspice,  Wild  43 
Alnus  31 
Alopecurus  10 
Alsike  Clover  55 
Alternate-leaved    Dog- 
wood 68 


Alyssum,  Hoary  45 

Sweet  46 
Amaranth   37 

Family  37 

Green  37 

Prostrate  37 

Thorny    37 
Amaranthaceae  37 
Amaranthus  37 
Ambrosia  85 
Amelanchier    49 
American  Aspen  30 

Beech  32 

Bladder  Nut  59 

Brooklime    80 

Cranberry  71 

Elm   34 

Fly   Honeysuckle   82 

Germander  78 

Hop  Hornbeam  32 

Hornbeam    32 

Larch  6 

Mountain  Ash  51 

Orpine  48 

Pennyroyal    76 

White  Hellebore  26 

Yew    6 
Amphicarpa   53 
Anacardiaceae  58 
Anagallis   71 
Anaphalis  85 
Andromeda  69 
Andropogon  10 
Anemone  41 

Cut-leaved  41 

Long-fruited  41 

Round-headed    41 

Tall    41 

Wood  41 
Angelica   66 
Antennaria  85 
Anthemis  85 
Anthoxanthum  10 
Apios   53 
Apocynaceae  72 
Apocynum  72 
Appalachian  Cherry  51 
Apple  51 

of  Peru  78 


Purple  Thorn  78 

Thorn  78 
Aquifoliaceae    58 
Aquilegia  41 
Arabis  44 
Araceae  23 
Aralia  66 
Araliaceae  66 
Arbor  Vitae  7 
Arbutus,  Trailing  69 
Arceuthobium    34 
Arctium  86 
Arctostaphylos  69 
Arenaria  38 
Arethusa  27 
Arisaema    23 
Aristida  10 
Aristolochiaceae   34 
Aromatic  Winter- 
green   69 
Arrhenatherum   10 
Arrow  Grass  Family  9 
Arrow-head  9 
Arrow-leaved    Tear-   • 

thumb  36 
Arrow-wood   83 

Downy  83 

Maple-leaved   83 

Toothed  83 
Artemisia  86 
Artichoke,  Jerusa- 
lem 89 
Arum,  Dragon  23 

Family  23 

Water   23 
Asarabacca  34 
Asarum  34 
Asclepiadaceae  73 
Asclepias  73 
Ash  72 

American  Moun- 
tain  51 

Black  72 

European   Moun- 
tain 51 

Green  72 

Northern   Prickly  56 

Prickly  56 

Red  72 


INDEX 


105 


White  72 
Ash-leaved  Maple  59 

Spiraea  53 
Asparagus    25 

Garden  25 
Aspen  29 

American  30 

Large-toothed  30 
Aspidium  1 
Asplenium  2 
Aster  86 

Flat-topped  White  87 

Hairy-stemmed   86 

Heart-leaved  86 

Large-leaved   86 

New   England   86 

Panicled  86 

Pringle's  86 

Purple-stemmed  87 

Small  White  87 

Stiff  86 

Tall  White  86 

Wavy-leaved  87 

White  Wood  86 
Astragalus    53 
A vena  100 
Avens  50 

Purple   50 

Rough   50 

Water  50 

White  50 

Yellow  50 
Awned  Cyperus  21 

Wheat  Grass  9 
Azalea,  Pink  70 
Bachelor's  Button  87 
Balm  of  Gilead  30 

Fir  6 
Balmony   79 
Balsam  60 

Fir  6 

Groundsel  91 

Poplar  29 
Balsam-apple,  Wild  84 
Balsaminaceae  60 
Baneberry  40 

Red  40 

White  40 
Barbarea  44 
Barberry  43 

Common   43 

Family  43 
Barley  13,  16 

Egyptian    13 
Barnyard  Grass  12 


Barren  Strawberry  53 
Bartonia   72 

Yellow  72 
Basil  77 

Thyme  77 
Basswood  61 
Bastard  Pennyroyal  7^ 

Toad-flax   34 
Beach  Heather  62 

Pea  54 
Beak  Rush  22 
Beaked  Hazelnut  32 

Willow  31 
Bean,    Wild    53 
Bearberry  69 

Red    69 
Beard,  Goat's  92 

Grass   10 
Bearded  Darnel  13 
Beard-tongue   80 
Bedstraw    81 

Marsh   82 

Northern  82 

Rough   81 

Small   82 

Sweet-scented  82 
Beech  32 

American    32 

Blue  32 

Family  32 

Fern  3 

Water  32 
Beech-drops  81 

False   70 
Beggar's  Lice  74 
Beggar's-ticks,    Com- 
mon  87 

Swamp  87 
Bellflower  84 

European  84 

Marsh  84 

Nettle-leaved   84 
Bellwort   26 

Large-flowered  26 

Sessile-leaved    26 
Benjamin  Bush  43 
Bent  Grass   10 
Benzoin  43 
Berberidaceae  43 
Berberis    43 
Bergamot,  Wild  76 
Berry,  Partridge  82 

Pigeon  37 

Service  49 
Berteroa  45 


Betony,  Wood  79 
Betula  32 
Betulaceae  31 
Bidens  87 
Bindweed  73 

Black  35 

Field  73 

Fringed  Black  35 

Hedge  73 

Upright    73 
Birch  32 

Black  32 

Canoe   32 

Cherry  32 

Family  32 

Gray   32 

Old   Field   32 

Paper  32 

Sweet  32 

White   32 

Yellow  32 
Bird  Cherry  51 
Birthroot    26 
Birthwort  Family  34 
Bishop's  Cap  48 
Bitter  Cress  45 

Dock  36 
Bitternut  Hickory  31 
Bittersweet  58,  78 

Climbing    58 

Shrubby  58 
Bitter-weed    85 
Black  Alder  58 

Ash    72 

Bindweed  35 

Birch   32 

Chokeberry  51 

Cohosh  41 

Dewberry   52 

Gum   68 

High  Blueberry  70 

Huckleberry  69 

Larch  6 

Medick  54 

Mustard  45 

Oak   33 

Raspberry  52 

Snakeroot  41,   67 

Spruce    6 

Sugar  Maple  59 

Willow  30 
Blackberry,  High 
Bush  52 

Recurved  52 

Running  Swamp  52 


106 


INDEX 


Black-eyed  Susan  90 
Black-fruited    Moun- 
tain Rice  14 
Bladder  Campion  39 

Fern  2 

Ketmia   61 

Nut   59 

Nut  Family  59 
Bladderwort  80 

Family  80 

Greater   80 
Elite,  Strawberry  37 
Bloodroot   43 
Blue  Beech  32 

Bottle    87 

Cohosh    43 

Curls  78 

Devil   74 

Flag  27 

Myrtle  73 

Sailors  87 

Vervain  75 

Vetch   55 
Bluebell  84 

Family  84 
Bluebells  75 
Blueberry  70 

Black  High  70 

Early  Sweet  71 

High  70 

Late  Low  71 

Low  Sweet  71 

Sour-top  70 

Swamp  70 

Velvet-leaf  70 
Bluets  82 

Blue-eyed  Grass  27 
Blue-joint  Grass  11 
Blue-stemmed  Golden- 
rod  91 
Blue-weed  74 
Blunt-leaved  Milk- 
weed  73 

Sandwort  38 
Blunt-lobed  Woodsia  3 
Boehmeria    33 
Bog  Club  Moss  5 

Golden-rod    92 

Rosemary  69 

Rush   24 

Spruce  6 

Willow  30 

Wintergreen   70 
Boneset  88 
Boott's  Shield  Fern  1 


Borage  Family  74 
Boraginaceae  74 
Botrychium  4 
Bottle,   Blue   87 

Grass  16 
Bottle-brush  Grass  13 
Bouncing  Bet  39 
Box   Elder   59 
Brachyelytrum  10 
Bracken   3 
Brake  3 

Cliff  3 

Purple  Cliff  3  ' 

Rock  2 

Slender  Rock  2 
Bramble   52 
Brasenia  40 
Brassica  45 
Brier,  Cat  26 

Green  26 
Bristly  Crowfoot  42 

Foxtail   Grass   16 

Sarsaparilla   66 
Broad  Beech  Fern  3 
Broad-fruited  Bur- 
reed  7 
Broad-leaved    Spring 

Beauty  40 
Brome  Grass  11 


Crowfoot  42 
Bull  Thistle  88 
Bulrush  22 

Great  22 

River  22 
Bunchberry    68 
Bur  Clover  54 

Grass  11 

Marigold  87 

Oak   33 
Burdock  86 

Common   86 

Great  86 
Burnet  53 

Garden    53 
Bur-reed   7 

Broad-fruited  7 

Family  7 
Burseed  74 
Bush,  Benjamin  43 

Clover  54 

Fever  43 

Honeysuckle  82 

Rock  Shad  49 

Shad   49 

Shore  Shad  49 

Spice  43 

Steeple   53 
Bushy  Golden-rod  91 
Butter-and-Eggs    79 


Bromus  11 
Brooklime,  American   80Buttercup  42 

Broom  Beard  Grass  10  Bulbous  42 

Broom-rape  81  Creeping    42 

Family  81  Swamp    43 

Brown  Beak  Rush  22  Tall    42 

BroM^nish-fruited  Butternut  31 


Rush   24 
Buckbean  72 
Buckeye  59 
Buckthorn  60 

Alder-leaved  60 

Common  60 

Family  60 
Buckwheat  35 

Climbing  False  36 

Family  36 
Buffalo-berry,  Cana- 
dian 64 
Buffalo  Currant  48 
Bugbane  41 
Bugle  Weed  75,  76 
Bugloss,  Viper's  74 
Bulb-bearing  Loose- 
strife 71 
Bulbous  Buttercup  42 


Butterweed  88 
Buttonbush  81 
Buttonwood    49 
Cabbage,  Skunk  23 
Calamus  23 
Calamagrostis  11 
Calamint  77 
California  Rose  73 
Calla  23 

Wild  23 
Callitrichaceae  57 
Callitriche   57 
Calopogon  27 
Caltha  41 
Camelina  45 
Campanula  84 
Campanulaceae  84 
Campion  38,  39 

Bladder   39 


INDEX 


Red   39 

White  38 
Camptosorus  2 
Canada  Blue  Grass  15 

Golden-rod  91 

Hawkweed   89 

Plum  51 

Thistle  88 

Violet  62 
Canadian  Buffalo- 
berry  64 
Canary   Grass   15 
Cancer-root  81 

One-flowered  81 
Canker-root   41 
Cannabis  33 
Canoe   Birch   32 
Caper  Family  47 
Capillaire  69 
Capparidaceae  47 
Caprifoliaceae  82 
Capsella  45 
Caraway  66 
Cardamine  45 
Cardinal  Flower  84 
Carduus   87 
Carex  17 
Carnation    38 
Carpenter-weed   77 
Carpet  Weed  38 
Carpinus  32 
Carrion-flower  26 
Carrot  67 

Wild  67 
Carum  66 
Carya  31 

Caryophyllaceae  38 
Cashew  Family  58 
Cassandra  69 
Castalia  40 
Castanea    32 
Cat  Brier  26 

Mint   76 

Spruce  6 
Catchfly  39 

Night-flowering  39 

Sleepy  39 

Sweet  William  39 
Catnip    76 
Cat-tail,  Common  7 

Family  7 

Flag  7 

Narrow-leaved  7 
Caulophyllum  43 
Ceanothus  60 


Cedar,  Red  6 

White  7 
Celandine  43 
Celastraceae  58 
Celastrus    58 
Celtis  33 
Cenchrus    11 
Centaurea  87 
Cephalanthus 
Cerastium  38 
Chain  Fern  3 


81 


Purple  51 

Red  51 
Choke  Cherry  51 
Christmas  Fern  3 
Chryanthemum  87 
Chrysosplenium  48 
Cicely,  Smoother 
Sweet  67 

Sweet  67 

Woolly  Sweet  67 
Cicer  53 


Chair-maker's  Rush  22  Cichorium  87 


Chamaedaphne  69 
Chamomile  85 

Wild   90 
Charlock  45 
Cheat  11 
Checkerberry  69 
Cheeses    61 
Chelidonium  43 
Chelone  79 
Chenopodiaceae  36 
Chenopodium  36 
Cherry  51 

Appalachian    51 

Birch    32 

Bird  51 

Choke  51 

Clammy  Ground  78 

Fire  51 

Ground  78 

Pin    51 

Rum  51 

Sand  51 

Wild  Black  51 

Wild  Red  51 
Chess  11 

Wild  11 

Wood  11 
Chestnut  32 

Oak  33 
Chick-pea   53 
Chickweed   39 

Common  39 


Cicuta  66 
Cimicifuga  41 
Cinna  11 
Cinnamon  Fern  3 

Rose  52 
Cinquefoil  50 

Marsh  51 

Rough  51 

Shrubby   51 

Silvery  50 

Tall  51 
Circaea  64 
Cirsium    88 
Cistaceae  62 
Clammy  Ground  Cher- 
ry  78 

Hedge  Hyssop  79 

Locust  55 
Clammy-weed  47 
Claytonia   40 
Clearweed  34 
Cleavers  81 
Clematis  41 

Purple  41 

Wild  41 
Cliff  Brake  3 
Climbing  bitter-sweet  58 

False  Buckwheat  36 

Fumitory  44 

Nightshade  78 
Clintonia  25 


Yellow  25 

Common  Mouse-ear  38Clinton's  Shield  Fern  1 
Field  Mouse-ear  38     Closed   Gentian  72 


Indian  38 

Mouse-ear  38 

Nodding  38 

Wintergreen  72 
Chicory   87 

Common   87 
Chimaphila   69 
Chiogenes   69 
Chokeberry,  Black  51 


Clotbur  92 
Clover  55 

Alsike  55 

Bur  54 

Bush  54 

Hop  55 

Low  Hop  55 

Rabbit-foot   55 

Red  55 


108 

Stone  55 
Sweet  54 
White  55 
White   Sweet  54 
Yellow  55 
Yellow  Sweet  54 
Zigzag  55 
Club   Moss   5 

Moss  Family  5 

Rush   22 
Clustered  Snakeroot 
Coast  Jointweed  35 
Cockle,  Corn  38 
Cocklebur  92 
Coffee,  Wild  83 
Cohosh  40 

Black  41 

Blue  43 
Coltsfoot   92 
Columbine  41 

Garden  41 

Wild  41 
Comandra   34 
Comfrey  75 

Common  75 

Wild  74 
Compositae  85 
Composite  Family  85 
Cone-flower  90 

Tall   90 
Conium   66 
Convallaria  25 
Convolvulaceae  73 
Convolvulvus  73 

Family  73 
Coptis  41 
Coral  Root  27 

Early  27 

Large  27 
Corallorrhiza   27 
Cord  Grass  16 
Cork  Elm  34 
Corn  Cockle  38 

Flower    87 

Indian   16 

Poppy  43 

Speedwell  80 

Spurrey  39 

Squirrel  44 

Wild  Broom  15 
Cornaceae  68 
Cornel    68 

Dwarf  68 

Round-leaved   68 

Silky  68 


INDEX 

Cornus   68 
Corpse  Plant  70 
Corydalis  44 

Golden  44 

Pale  44 

Pink   44 
Corylus   32 
Cotton   Grass  22 
Cotton-wood   30 
Couch  Grass  9 
67  Cow  Cress  46 

Lily  40 

Parsnip  67 

Wheat  79 
Cowbane,  Spotted  66 
Cow-herb  39 
Cowslip,  English  71 

Virginian   75 
Cowslips    41 
Crack  Willow  30 
Cranberry  70 

American  71 

High-bush  83 

Large   71 

Small  71 

Tree    83 
Cranesbill  56 

Wild   56 
Crassulaceae  47 
Crataegus  49 
Cream-colored  Vetch- 
ling  54 
Creeper,  Disk  60 

Tendril  60 

Virginia  60 
Creeping  Buttercup  42 

Eragrostis    12 

Snowberry   69 

Spearwort  42 
Cress,  Bitter  45 

Common  Winter  45 

Cow  46 

Erect-fruited  Win- 
ter 44 

Field    46 

Field   Penny  47 

Hairy  Marsh   46 

Hairy  Rock  44 

Lake   46 

Marsh  46 

Penny  47 

Purple  Rock  44 

Rock   44 

Small  Bitter  45 

Smooth  Rock  44 


Water  46 

Winter  44 

Yellow  46 
Crested  Shield  Fern  1 
Crowfoot  42 

Bristly  42 

Bulbous  42 

Common  White 
Water  42 

Cursed   42 

Family  40 

Hooked  42 

Small-flowered    42 

Stiff  Water  42 

Tall  42 

Yellow  Water  42 
Cruciferae  44 
Cryptogramma  2 
Cryptotaenia  66 
Cucumber,  Wild  84 

One-seeded  Bur  84 

Star  84 
Cucumber-root,   In- 
dian   25 
Cucurbitaceae  84 
Cudweed    89 

Low    89 
Cup  Plant  91 

Huntman's    47 
Currant   48 

Buffalo  48 

Garden  Red  48 

Missouri    48 

Swamp  Red  48 

Wild  Black  48 
Cursed  Crowfoot  42 
Cuscuta  73 
Cut-grass   13 

Rice   13 
Cut-leaved  Anemone  41 

Bugle  Weed  76 

Golden-rod    91 

Pepper-root  45 

Toothwort    45 
Cynoglossum    74 
Cyperaceae   17 
Cyperus  21 

Awned  21 

Shining    21 

Straw-colored  21 
Cypress  Spurge  57 
Cypripedium  27 
Cystopteris  2 
Dactylis  11 
Daisy  Fleabane  88 


INDEX 


109 


Michaelmas  87 

Ox-eye  87 

White  87 

Yellow  90 
Dalibarda   50 
Dandelion   92 

Common   92 

Red-seeded   92 
Danthonia   11 
Daphne   64 
Darnel    la 

Bearded  13 

Common   13 
Datura  78 
Daucus  67 
Day  Lily  25 
Dead  Nettle  76 
Decodon  64 
Dentaria  45 
Deschampsia  11 
Desmodium    53 
Devil's  Paint-brush  89 
Dewberry,  Black  52 

Red  52 

Swamp  52 
Dianthus    38 
Dicentra  44 
Dicksonia  2 
Diervilla  82 
Digitaria    12 
Dirca  64 
Disk  Creeper  60 
Ditch  Stonecrop  47 
Dock  36 

Bitter  36 

Great   Water   36 

Patience  36 

Spatter  40 

Swamp  36 

Yellow  36 
Dock-leaved  Persi- 

caria  35 
Dockmackie   83 
Dodder   73 
Dog  Fennel  85 

Violet  62 
Dogbane  72 

Family  72 

Spreading   72 
Dogberry    48 
Dogwood   68 

Alternate-leaved    68 

Family    68 

Panicled  68 

Poison  58 


Red-osier  68 

Round-leaved  68 

Silky  68 
Dog's-tooth  Violet  25 
Doll's  Eyes  40 
Doorweed   35 
Downy  Arrow-wood  83 

Golden-rod  92 

Green  Alder  31 

Rattlesnake  Plan- 
tain  28 

Yellow  Violet  63 
Draba   46 
Dragon  Arum  23 
Drop-seed  14,  16 
Dropwort    50 
Drosera  47 
Droseraceae   47 
Duck's-meat  2o 
Duckweed  23 

Family   23 

Greater  23 

Ivy-leaved  23 

Lesser  23 
Dulichium  21 


Eleocharis    21 
Elm  34 

American   34 

Cork   34 

English  34 

Red  34 

Rock   34 

Slippery  34 

White  34 
Elodea  9 
Elymus   12 
Enchanter's   Night- 
shade 64 
English  Cowslip  71 

Elm   34 

Hawthorn   49 

Plantain  81 
Epifagus  81 
Epigaea  69 
Epilobium  04 
Epipactis   28 
Equisetaceae  4 
Equisetum  4 
Eragrostis  12 

Creeping   12 


Dutchman's  Breeches  44     Strong-scented  12 


Dwarf  Cornel  68 

Ginseng  66 

Mistletoe  34 

Raspberry  52 

Sumach   58 
Dyssodia   88 
Early  Coral  Root  27 

Golden-rod    91 

Meadow^  Parsnip  68 

Meadow  Rue  43 

Saxifrage    48 

Sweet  Blueberry  71 

Yellow  Violet  63 
Ebony  Spleenwort  2 
Echinochloa   12 
Echinocystis   84 
Echium  74 
Eel   Grass  9 
Eglantine   52 
Egyptian  Barley  13 
Elaeagnaceae  64 
Elder  S3 

Box  59 

Common   83 

Poison   58 

Red-berried  83 

Wild   66 
Elderberry  83 
Elecampane   90 


Erechtites  88 
Erect-fruited  Winter 

Cress   44 
Erect  Knotweed  35 
Ericaceae  69 
Erigeron  88 
Eriocaulaceae  23 
Eriocaulon   23 
Eriophorum   22 
Erodium   56 
Eryngium   67 
Eryngo   67 
Erysimum  46 
Erythronium   25 
Eupatorium   88 
Euphorbia  57 
Euphorbiaceae  57 
European  Bellflower  84 

Mallow  60 

Millet  14 

Mountain  Ash  51 

Stickseed  74 
Evening  Primrose  65 

Primrose  Family  64 
Evergreen  Wood  Fern  1 
Everlasting  S~> 

Common  89 

Pea  54 

Pearly   85 


liO 


INDEX 


Plantain-leaved  85 
Fagaceae  32 
Fagopyrum  35 
Fagus    32 
False  Acacia  55 

Beech  Drops  70 

Dragon  Head  77 

Flax  45 

Hellebore   26 

Loosestrife   65 

Mermaid   58 

Mermaid  Family  58 

Miterwort  48 

Nettle  33 

Pimpernel  79 

Solomon's  Seal  26 

Spikenard  26 
Feather  Geranium  36 

Prince's  35 
Fennel,  Dog  85 
Fen  Orchis  29 
Fern,  Beech  3 

Bladder  2 

Boott's  Shield  1 

Broad  Beech   3 

Chain   3 

Christmas  3 

Cinnamon  3 

Clinton's  Shield  1 

Common  Bladder  2 

Crested  Shield  1 

Evergreen  Wood  1 

Family  1 

Flowering  3 

Fragile  Bladder  2 

Goldie's  1 

Grape  4 

Hay-scented   2 

Interrupted  4 

Lady  2 

Lance-leaved  Grape 

Little  Grape  4 

Long  Beech  3 

Marginal  Shield  1 

Marsh    1 

New  York  1 

Oak  3 

Ostrich  2 

Rattlesnake  4 

Royal   4 

Sensitive   2 

Shield  1 

Spinulose  Shield  1 

Sweet  31 

Ternate  Grape  4 


Virginia  Chain  3 

Wood  1 
Fescue  Grass  12 

Meadow    12 

Nodding   12 

Sheep's  12 

Red  12 

Taller  12 
Festuca  12 
Fetid  Marigold   88 
Fever  Bush  43 
Feverwort  83 
Field  Bindweed  73 

Cress   46 

Golden-rod    91 

Milkwort  57 

Mouse-ear   Chick- 
weed  38 

Penny  Cress  47 

Sorrel  36 

Sow  Thistle  92 

Spurrey  39 
Figwort  80 

Family  79 
Filbert   32 
Filipendula    50 
Finger  Grass  12 
Fiorin    10 
Fir  6 

Balm-of-Gilead  6 

Balsam   6 
Fire  Cherry  51 
Fireweed   65,   88 
Five-finger  50,  51 
Flag,  Blue  27 

Cat-tail  7 

Sweet  23 
Flat-topped  White  As- 
ter 87 
Flax   55 
4     Common  55 

False  45 

Family  55 
Fleabane  88 

Daisy  88 

Pink   88 
Fleur-de-lis  27 
Floating  Foxtail 
Grass  10 

Manna  Grass  13 
Floerkea  58 
Flower,  Cardinal  84 

Corn    87 

Moccasin  27 

Monkey  79 


Side-saddle  47 

Star    72 

Wind  41 
Flowering   Fern   3 

Fern  Family  3 

Sage   76 

Spurge   57 

Wintergreen  57 
Flower-of-an-hour  61 
Foam-flower  48 
Forget-me-not   75 

True   75 
Forked  Beard  Grass  10 
Four-leaved  Milkweed  73 
Fowl  Meadow  Grass  15 
Foxtail  Grass  10 

Green  16 

Yellow   16 
Fragaria  50 
Fragile  Bladder  Fern  2 
Fraxinus   72 
Fringed  Black  Bind- 
weed 35 

Loosestrife  71 

Orchis  28 

Polygala  57 
Frog's  Bit  Family  9 
Frost  Grape  60 
Frostweed    62 
Fumaria  44 
Fumariaceae    44 
Fumitory   44 

Climbing  44 

Common  44 

Family  44 
Galeopsis  75 
Galingale  21 
Galinsoga  88 
Galium  81 
Gall-of-the-earth  90 
Garden  Asparagus  25 

Burnet  53 

Columbine  41 

Heliotrope   84 

Orpine  47 

Phlox  74 

Red  Currant  48 

Snowberry  83 

Sorrel    36 
Garget  37 
Garlic  25 
Gaultheria   69 
Gaylussacia  69 
Gentian  72 

Closed  72 


INDEX 


111 


Family  72 

Horse  83 

Stiff  72 
Gentiana  72 
Gentianaceae  72 
Geraniaceae   56 
Geranium  56 

Family  56 

Feather  36 
Gerardia  79 

Slender  79 

Small-flowered  79 
Germander  78 

American  78 
German  Millet  16 
Geum  50 

Giant  Hyssop   75 
Gilia   74 

Gill-over-the-ground    77 
Ginger,  Wild  34 
Ginseng  66 

Dwarf   66 

Family  66 
Glaucous  Honey- 
suckle 83 

Willow  30 
Glyceria  13 
Gnaphalium  89 
Goat's  Beard  92 
Golden  Alexanders  68 

Corydalis  44 

Hedge  Hyssop  79 

Meadow  Parsnip  68 

Ragwort  91 

Saxifrage   48 

Seal  42 
Golden-rod  91 

Blue-stemmed  91 

Bog  92 

Bushy   91 

Canada  91 

Cut-leaved  91 

Downy  92 

Early  91 

Field  91 

Gray  91 

Hairy  91 

Late  92 

Stout  Ragged  92 

Tall   Hairy  92 

White  91 

Zigzag  91 
Goldie's  Fern  1 
Goldthread  41 
Goose  Grass  81 


Gooseberry  48 

Prickly  48 
Goosefoot    36 

Family   36 

Maple-leaved  37 

Oak-leaved  37 

Upright   37 
Gourd  Family  84 
Gramineae  9 
Grape  60 

Fern  4 

Frost   60 

River-bank   60 

Summer  60 
Grass 

Awned  Wheat  9 

Barnyard  12 

Beard   10 

Bent    10 

Blue-eyed  27 

Blue-joint  11 

Bottle  16 

Bottle-brush  13 

Bristly  Foxtail  16 

Brome  11 

Broom  Beard  10 

Bur  11 

Canada  Blue  15 

Canary  15 

Common  Hair  11 

Common  Wild  Oat  11 

Cord  16 

Cotton  22 

Couch   9 

Eel  9 

Family  9 

Fescue  12 

Finger  12 

Floating  Foxtail  10 

Floating  Manna  13 

Forked  Beard  10 

Fowl  Meadow  15 

Foxtail    10 

Goose  81 

Grove  Spear  15 

Hair    10 

Herd's  15 

Holy  13 

Hungarian  16 

Hungarian  Brome  11 

Indian  16 

June  15 

Kentucky  Blue  15 

Large  Crab  12 

Low  Spear  15 


Lyme  12 

Manna  13 

Marsh   16 

Meadow  15 

Meadow  Foxtail  10 

Melic  13 

Millet  16 

Oat  10 

of  Parnassus  48 

Old-witch  14 

Orchard  11 

Pale  Manna  13 

Panic  14 

Perennial  Ray  13 

Pigeon  16 

Pink  27 

Poverty  10 

Quick  9 

Quitch  9 

Rattlesnake   13 

Reed  Bent  11 

Reed  Canary  15 

Reed  Meadow  13 

Rib   81 

Ribbon  15 

Ripple  81 

Rough  Foxtail  16 

Rush  16 

Rye  13 

Seneca  13 

Slender  Wheat  9 

Slender  Wood  Reed  11 

Slough  16 

Small  Crab  12 

Spear  15 

Squirrel-tail   13 

Sweet  Vernal  10 

Tall  Oat  10 

Tape  9 

Thin  10 

Triple-awned    10 

Vanilla   13 

Water  Star  24 

Weak  Spear  15 

White   13 

White  Bent  10 

Wild  Oat  11 

Wire  15 

Wood  16 

Wood  Reed  11 

Wool  22 

Yellow  Nut  21 
Gratiola  79 
Graveyard  Moss  57 
Gray  Birch  32 


112 


INDEX 


Golden-rod    91 
Oak  33 
Great  Bulrush  22 
Burdock  86 
Ragweed    85 
St.  John's-wort  61 
Water   Dock  36 
Willow-herb    65 


Panicled  89 

Rough   90 
Hawthorn  49 

English   49 
Hay-scented  Fern  2 
Hazelnut  32 

Beaked    32 
Heal-all   77 


Greater  Bladderwort  80Heart-leaved  Aster  i 
Duckweed   23  Twayblade  29 

Green  Adder's  Mouth  29     Willow    30 

Amaranth  37  Heart's-ease  62,  63 

Ash    72  Heath  Family  69 

Brier  26  Heather,  Beach  62 

Foxtail   16  Hedeoma  76 

Greenish-flowered  Win-  Hedge  Bindweed  73 
tergreen   70  Hyssop  79 

Grim  the  Collier  89  Mustard  46 

Gromwell    74  Nettle   77 

Common   75  Helianthemum 


62 


Ground   Cherry  78 

Hemlock  6 

Ivy   77 

Laurel  69 

Pine  5 

Pink  73 
Ground-nut  53 
Groundsel   91 

Balsam   91 

Common  91 
Grove  Spear  Grass  15 
Gum,  Black  68 

Sour    68 
Gypsophila    38 

Low   38 
Habenaria  28 
Hackberry  33 
Hackmatack  6 
Hair  Grass  10 
Hairy  Golden-rod  91 

Marsh  Cress  46 

Rock  Cress  44 

Wood  Rush  24 


Helianthus   89 
Heliopsis 


Alyssum    45 
Hobble-bush   83 
Hog  Peanut   53 
Hog-weed    85 
Holly    58 

Family  58 

Mountain  58 
Holy  Grass  13 
Honewort   66 
Honeysuckle    82 

American  Fly  82 

Bush   82 

Family  82 

Glaucous  83 

Tartarian   83 
Hooked  Crowfoot  42 
Hop  33 

Clover   55 

Common  33 

Hornbeam   32 

Japanese  33 
Hordeum   13,   16 


Heliotrope,  Garden  84    Horehound,  Water  76 
Hellebore,   American       Hornbeam  32 


White  26 

False  26 
Hemerocallis   25 
Hemlock  7 

Ground   6 

Poison   66 

Water   66 
Hemp  33 

Common  33 

Indian  72 

Nettle    75 

Water   37 
Henbit  76 
Hepatica  41 
Heracleum  67 
Herb   Robert    56 
Herd's   Grass   15 
Heteranthera   24 
Hibiscus  61 


Hairy-stemmed  Aster  86Hickory   31 


Halberd-leaved  Tear- 
thumb  35 
Haloragidaceae   65 
Hamamelidaceae  49 
Hamamelis  49 
Hardback   53 
Harebell    84 
Hare's  Tail  22 
Hawkweed    89 

Canada   89 

Orange  89 


Bitternut    31 
Shagbark    31 
Shellbark   31 
Swamp    31 
White-heart  31 

Hieracium  89 

Hierochloe    13 

High  Blueberry  70 


American  32 

American  Hop  32 

Hop   32 
Horse    Gentian   83 

Mint   76 
Horse-chestnut  59 

Common  59 
Horseradish  46 
Horsetail  4 

Common  4 

Family    4 

Marsh    5 

Shore  5 

Wood   5 
Horseweed  88,  90 
Hound's  Tongue  74 

Common  74 
Houstonia  82 
Huckleberry  69 

Black  69* 
Hudsonia    62 
Humulus  33 
Hungarian  Brome 
Grass  11 

Grass   16 
Huntsman's  Cup  47 
Husk  Tomato  78 
Hydrastis   42 


High-bush  Blackberry  52Hydrocharitaceae  9 

Cranberry  83  Hydrocotyle   67 

Hoary  Alder  31      '  Hydrophyllaceae  74 


INDEX 


113 


Hydropliylliim    74    . 
Hypericaceae  61. 
Hypericum   61 
Hyssop,  Clammy 
Hedge  79 

Giant   75 

Golden  Hedge  79 

Hedge    79 
Hystrix  13 
Ilex    58 
Ilysanthes   79 
Impatiens  60 
Indian  Chickweed  38 

Corn  16 

Cucumber-root  25 

Grass  16 

Hemp  72 

Mallow    61 

Mustard    45 

Pipe   70 

Poke  26 

Rice    16 

Tobacco    84 

Turnip  23 
Innocence  82 
Interrupted  Fern  4 
Inula  90 
Ipomoea   73 
Iridaceae    27 
Iris   27 

Family  27 

Wild    27 

Yellow  27 
Iron  wood  32 
Ivy,    Ground    77 

Poison  57 
Ivy-leaved  Duckweed 
Jack-in-the-Pulpit  23 
Jamestown  Weed  78 
Japanese  Hop  33 

Knotweed   35 
Jerusalem  Artichoke 

Oak   36 
Jewelweed  60 
Jimson  Weed  78 
Joe-Pye  Weed   88 
Jointed  Rush  24 
Jointweed,  Coast  35 
Juglandaceae   31 
Juglans  31 
Juncaceae  24 
Juncaginaceae  9 
J uncus  24 
June   Berry   49 


Grass  15 

Pink    70 
Juniper  6 

Common  6 
Juniperus  6 
Kalmia  69 

Kentucky  Blue  Grass 
King  Devil  89 
Kinnikinnik  68 
Knotgrass  35 
Knotted  Rush  24 
Knotweed  35 

Erect  35 

Japanese    35 
Labiatae   75 
Labrador  Tea   69 
Lactuca  90 
Ladies'  Tobacco  85 
Ladies'  Tresses  29 

Nodding  29 

Slender  29 
Lady  Fern  2 
Lady's  Slipper  27 

Large  Yellow  27 

Pink   27 

Ram's  Head   27 

Showy    27 

Smaller  Yellow   27 

Stemless   27 
Lady's  Sorrel  56 

Thumb  36 
Lake   Cress   46 
Lambkill   69 
Lamb's  Quarters  36 
Lamium   76 
Lance-leaved  Grape 
23         Fern  4 

Loosestrife   71 

Violet  63 
Laportea  33 
Lappula  74 
89Larch  6 

American   6 

Black  6 
Large  Coral  Root  27 

Crab  Grass  12 

Cranberry    71 

Pepper-root  45 

Purple-fringed   Or- 
chis 28 

Toothwort    45 

Twayblade    28 

Yellow  Lady's  Slip 
per    27 


Yellow  Pond  Lily  40 
Large-bracted    Plan- 
tain 81 
Large-flowered   Bell- 
wort  26 
Large-fruited   Snake-  . 
15         root   67 
Large-leaved  Aster  86 

Orchis   28 

Pondweed  8 
Large-toothed  Aspen  30 
Larix    6 
Late   Golden-rod  92 

Low  Blueberry  71 
Lathyrus    54 
Lauraceae  43 
Laurel  69 

Family  43 

Ground  69 

Pale  69 

Sheep    69 
Laurestinus   83 
Leaf,  Leather  69 

Velvet    61 
Leather  Leaf  69 
Leatherwood    64 
Lechea  62 
Ledum  69 
Leek,  Wild  25 
Leersia   13 
Leguminosae   53 
Lemna    23 
Lemnaceae  23 
Lentibulariaceae  80 
Leonurus  76 
Lepidium    46 
Lespedeza    54 
Lesser  Duckweed  23 

Rattlesnake  Plan- 
tain 28 

Stitchwort  39 
Lettuce  90 

Prickly  90 

Tall  Blue  90 

Tall  White  90 

White  90 

Wild  90 
Leverwood    32 
Levisticum   67 
Lilac  72 

Common  72 
Liliaceae  25 
.     Lilium    25 
Lily   25 


114 


INDEX 


Common  Day  25 

Cow  40 

Day  25 

Family  25 

Large  Yellow  Pond  40 

Meadow  25 

of  the  Valley  25 

Small  Yellow  Pond  40 

Sweet-scented   White 
Water  40 

Tiger  25 

Tuberous  White 
Water  40 

Water   40 

Wild  Orange-red  25 

Wild  Yellow  25 

Wood  25 

Yellow  Pond  40 
Limnanthaceae   57 
Linaceae  55 
Linaria  79 
Linden   61 

Family  61 
Linnaea  82 
Linum  55 
Lion's   Heart  77 
Liparis    28 
Liquorice,   Wild    82 
Listera  29 
Lithospermum  74 
Little  Grape  Fern  4 
Live-for-ever    47 
Liverleaf  41 

Round-lobed  42 

Sharp-lobed    41 
Lobelia  84 

Family  84 
Lobeliaceae  84 
Lobular! a  46 
Locust    55 

Clammy   55 

Common  55 
Lolium  13 

Lombardy  Poplar  30 
Long  Beech  Fern  3 


Loose-spiked  Milk- 
wort 57 
Loosestrife  64,  71 

Bulb-bearing  71 

False  65 

Family  64 

Fringed  71 

Lance-leaved  71 

Swamp    64 

Tufted   71 

Whorled  71 
Lopseed  81 

Family  81 
Loranthaceae  34 
Lousewort  79 

Common  79 
Lovage  67 
Love  Vine  73 
Low  Cudweed  89 

Gypsophila  38 

Hop  Clover  55 

Spear  Grass  15 

Sweet  Blueberry  71 
Lucerne  54 
Ludvigia  65 
Lungwort  75 
Lupine   54 

Wild  54 
Lupinus  54 
Luzula  24 
Lychnis   38 
Lycopodiaceae  5 
Lycopodium  5 
Lycopus  76 
Lycium   78 
Lyme  Grass  12 
Lysimachia  71 
Lythraceae  64 
Ly thrum  64 
Madder  Family  81 

Wild  82 
Mad-dog  Skullcap  77 
Maianthemum  25 
Maidenhair  1 

Spleenwort  2 


Long-bracted  Orchis  28  Mallow  61 


Long-fruited  Anem- 
one 41 

Long-leaved   Stitch- 
wort  39 
Sundew  47 

Long-spurred   Violet  63 

Lonicera  82 


Common  61 
European  61 
Family  61 
Indian  61 
Musk  61 
Rose  61 
Whorled  61 
Malva  61 


Malvaceae  61 
Manna  Grass  13 
Maple  59 

Ash-leaved  59 

Black  Sugar  59 

Family  59 

Mountain  59 

Red  59 

Rock  59 

Silver  59 

Striped  59 

Sugar  59 

Swamp  59 

White   59 
Maple-leaved  Arrow- 
wood   83 

Goosefoot  37 
Marginal  Shield  Fern  1 
Marguerite  87 
Marigold,  Bur  87 

Fetid  88 

Marsh  41 

Water  87 
Marsh  Bedstraw  82 

Bellflower  84 

Blue  Violet  62 

Cinquefoil  51 

Cress  46 

Fern  1 

Grass  16 

Horsetail   5 

Marigold  41 

Muhlenbergia  14 

Pea  54 

St.  John's-wort  62 

Skullcap  77 

Speedwell  80 
Masterwort   66,    67 
Matricaria  90 
Matrimony  Vine  78 
Mayflower  69 
Mayweed  85 
Meadow  Fescue  12 

Foxtail  Grass  10 

Grass  15 

Lily  25 

Muhlenbergia  14 

Queen  of  the  53 

Rue  43 
Meadow-sweet   53 
Medeola  25 
Medicago    54 
Medick  54 

Black  54 


INDEX 


115 


57 


73 


73 


Spotted  54 
Melampyrum   79 
Melic   Grass  13 
Melica  13 
Melilot  54 

White  54 

Yellow  54 
Melilotus  54 
Mentha  76 
Menyanthes   72 
Mercury,  Three- 
seeded   57 
Mertensia  75 
Mexican  Tea  36 
Mezereum  64 

Family   64 
Michaelmas  Daisy  87 
Microstylis  29 
Milfoil  85 

Water  65 
Milk  Purslane 

Vetch  53 
Milkweed    73 

Blunt-leaved 

Common  73 

Family    73 

Four-leaved 

Poke   73 

Swamp  73 
Milkwort  57 

Family  57 

Field  57 

Loose-spiked  57 

Purple  57 

Racemed  57 
Millet  16 

European   14 

German  16 
Mimulus   79 
Mint  76 

Cat  76 

Family  75 

Horse    76 

Mountain   77 

Narrow-leaved  Mount 
tain  77 

Spotted  76 

Whorled   76 

Wild  76 
Missouri  Currant  48 
Mistletoe,  Dwarf  34 

Family  34 
Mitchella  82 
Mitella  48 
Miterwort  48 


False  48 

Naked  48 

Two-leaved  48 
Mithridate  Mustard  47 
Moccasin  Flower  27 
Mock  Pennyroyal  76 
Mocker  Nut  31 
Mollugo  38 
Monarda   76 
Moneses   70 
Moneywort  71 
Monkey  Flower  79 
Monotropa    70 
Moonwort  4 
Moosewood  59,  64,  83 
Morning  Glory  73 

Common   73 

Small   Red   73 

Wild  73 
Morus  33 
Moss,  Bog  Club  5 

Club  5 

Common   Club   5 


Mustard  45 

Black  45 

Common  Hedge  47 

Family  44 

Hedge   46 

Indian  45 

Mithridate   47 

Tower  44 

Treacle   46 

Tumble  46 

Worm-seed  46 
Myosotis  75 
Myrica    31 
Myricaceae   31 
Myriophyllum  65 
Myrtle,  Blue  73 

Yellow   71 
Naiad  8 
Najadaceae  8 
Najas  8 

Naked  Miterwort  48 
Nannyberry   83 
Narrow  False  Oat  16 


Common  Tree  Club  5  Narrow-leaved  Cat- 


Graveyard  57 

Pink  74 

Shining  Club  5 

Stiff  Club   5 

Tree  Club  5 
Mossy  Stonecrop  47 
Mossy-cup  Oak  33 
Moth  Mullein  80 
Motherwort    76 

Common  76 
Mountain  Fringe  44 

Holly   58 

Maple  59 

Mint    77 

Rice   14 
Mouse-ear   Chickweed  38 
Moxie  Plum  69 
Mud  Plantain  24 
Mugwort,  Common  86 
Muhlenbergia  14 
-    Marsh   14 

Meadow  14 

Slender  14 
Mulberry  38 

White  33 
Mullein   80 

Common    80 

Moth   80 
Musk  Mallow  61 

Storksbill    56 
Musquash  Root  66 


tail  7 

Mountain  Mint  77 

Spleenwort  2 
Necklace  Poplar  30 
Neckweed  80 
Nemopanthus  58 
Nepeta  76 
Nettle   34 

Common  Hemp  75 

Dead  76 

False    33 

Family  33 

Hedge  77 

Hemp  75 

Rough  Hedge  77 

Slender   34 

Spotted  Dead  76 

Tall  Wild   34 

Tree   33 

Wood  33 
Nettle-leaved   Bell- 
flower  84 
New  England  Aster  86 
New  Jersey  Tea  60 
New  York  Fern  1 
Nicandra   78 
Nigger-head    90 
Night-flowering    Catch- 
fly  39 
Nightshade  78 

Climbing  78 


116 


INDEX 


Common  79 
Enchanter's  64 
Family  78 
Smaller  Enchant- 
er's 64 
Nimble  Will  14 


Pyrola  70 

One-seeded  Bur  Cucum- 
ber 84 

One-sided    Winter- 
green  70 

Onion  25 


Nodding  Chickweed  38  Onobrychis  54 


Fescue  12 

Ladies'  Tresses  29 

Trillium  26 

Wild  Rye  12 
Nonesuch   54 
Northern  Bedstraw  82 

Prickly  Ash  56 

Stitchwort    39 

Willow-herb   64 
Norway  Pine  7 
Nut,  American  Blad- 
der 59 

Bladder  59 

Mocker   31 
Nymphaea  40 
Nymphaeaceae  40 
Nyssa  68 
Oak  32 

Black  33 

Bur  33 

Chestnut  33 

Fern  3 

Gray  33 

Jerusalem  36 

Mossy-cup  33 

Over-cup   33 

Poison  58 

Red  33 

Swamp  White  32 

White  32 

Yellow  33 

Yellow-barked    33 
Oakesia  26 


Onoclea  2 
Ophioglossaceae  4 
Ophioglossum  4 
Orange  Hawkweed  89 
Orange-root    42 
Orchard  Grass  11 
Orchidaceae    27 
Orchis   29 

Family    27 

Fen  29 

Fringed  28 

Large-leaved  28 

Large  Purple  Fringed 
28 

Long-bracted   28 

Ragged  Fringed  28 

Rein  28 

Round-leaved   28 

Showy  29 

Smaller  Purple 
Fringed   28 

Small  Wood  28 

Tall   Green   28 

White  Bog  28 

White  Fringed  28 
Orobanchaceae  81 
Orobanche  81 
Orpine  47 

American  48 

Family  47 

Garden  47 
Oryzopsis  14 
Osier  30 


Oak-leaved  Goosefoot  370smorhiza  67 


Oat  100 

Grass  10 

Narrow  False  16 

Purple  13 
Oats,  Water  16 
Oenothera  65 
Old  Field  Birch  32 
Old-witch  Grass  14 
Oleaceae  72 
Oleaster  Family  64 
Olive  Family  72 
Onagraceae  64 
One-flowered  Cancer- 
root   81 


Osmunda  8 
Osmundaceae  3 
Ostrich   Fern   2 
Ostrya   32 
Over-cup  Oak  33 
Oxalidaceae    56 
Oxalis  56 
Ox-eye  89 

Daisy  87 
Painted  Trillium  26 
Pale  Corydalis  44 

Laurel   69 

Manna  Grass  13 

Persicaria  35 


St.  John's-wort  61 

Touch-me-not   60 
Pale-leaved   Wood   Sun- 
flower   89 
Panax  66 
Panic  Grass  14 
Panicled  Aster  86 

Dogwood  68 

Hawkweed  89 
Panicum   14 
Pansy    63 
Papaver  43 
Papaveraceae  43 
Paper  Birch  32 
Pappoose  Root  43 
Parietaria   33 
Parnassia   48 
Parsley  Family  66 
Parsnip  67 

Cow  67 

Early  Meadow  68 

Golden  Meadow  68 

Poison   67 

Water   68 

Wild  67 
Partridge  Berry  82 
Pastinaca   67 
Pasture  Rose  52 
Patience  Dock  36 
Pea,  Beach  54 

Everlasting    54 

Marsh  54 
Peanut,  Hog  53 
Pearly  Everlasting  85 
Pedicularis   79 
Pellaea   3 
Pellitory    33 
Penny   Cress   47 
Pennyroyal  76 

American   76 

Bastard  78 

Mock  76 
Pennywort,  Water  67 
Penthorum   47 
Pentstemon  80 
Pepper,  Water  35 
Peppergrass   46 

Wild    46 
Pepperidge   68 
Peppermint  76 
Pepper-root  45 

Cut-leaved  45 

Large    45 

Two-leaved   45 
Pepperwort  46 


INDEX 


117 


Perennial  Ray  Grass  13     Moss  73 
Periwinkle    73  Persicaria  36 

Common  73  Swamp  70 

Persicaria,  Common  36  Pinus   7 


Dock-leaved    35 

Pale   35 

Pink   36 

Swamp    35 
Phalaris  15 
Phegopteris  3 
Phleum   15 
Phlox  74 

Garden  74 
Phragmites  15 
Phryma  81 
Phrymaceae   81 
Physalis  78 
Physostegia   76 
Phytolacca   37 
Phytolaccaceae  37 
Picea  6 
Pickerel-weed  24 

Family  24 
Pigeon  Berry  37 

Grass  16 
Pigweed  36,  37 
Pilea  34 
Pimbina   83 
Pimpernel  71    • 

Common  71 

False  79 

Short-stalked  False  79 


Pinweed    62 
Pipes  4 
Pipewort  23 

Family  23 
Pipsissewa  69 
Pitcher-plant    47 

Family  47 
Pitch  Pine  7 
Plane  Tree  49 

Family  49 
Plant,  Corpse  70 

Cup  91 
Plantaginaceae  81 
Plantago    81 
Plantain  81 

Common  81 

Downy  Rattlesnake 

English   81 

Family   81 

Large-bracted    81 

Lesser  Rattlesnake 

Mud   24 

Poor  Robin's  90 

Rattlesnake  28 

Robin's   88 

Water  9 
Plantain-leaved   Ever 
lasting  85 


Yellow  68 
Pin  Cherry  51 
Pinaceae  6 
Pine  7 

Drops  70 

Family  6 

Ground   5 

Norway  7 

Pitch  7 

Prince's  69 

Red   7 

White  7 
Pineapple-weed  90 
Pinesap  70 
Pink   38 

Azalea  70 

Corydalis  44 

Family   38 

Fleabane  88 

Grass  27 

Ground  73 

June  70 

Lady's  Slipper  27 


Platanaceae    49 
Platanus  49 
Plum  51 

Canada  51 

Moxie  69 

Wild  51 
Plumed  Thistle  88 
Plumeless  Thistle  87 
Poa  15 
Pogonia  29 

Rose   29 

Small  Whorled  29 

Whorled   29 
Poison  Dogwood  58 

Elder  58 

Hemlock  66 

Ivy  58 

Oak   58 

Parsnip  67 

Sumach  58 
Poke,  Common  37 

Indian   26 

Milkweed  73 


Pokeweed   37 

Family  37 
Polanisia  47 
Polemoniaceae  74 
Polemonium  Family  74 
Polygala   57 

Fringed   57 
Polygalaceae  57 
Polygonaceae  35 
Polygonatum   26 
Polygonella    35 
Polygonum  35 
Polypodiaceae   1 
Polypodium  3 
Polypody  3 
Polystichum  3 
Pondweed    8 

Common  8 

Family    8 

Large-leaved  8 
28Pontederia  24 
Pontederiaceae  24 
Poor  Man's  Weather- 
glass 71 
28    Robin's  Plantain  90 
Poplar  29 

Balsam   29 

Lombardy  30 

Necklace  30 

Silver-leaved  29 

Trembling  30 

White  29 
Poppy   43 

Corn   43 

Family  43 
Populus  29 
Portulaca  40 
Portulacaceae  40 
Potamogeton  8 
Potentilla   50 
Poverty  Grass  10 
Prairie  Willow  30 
Prenanthes   90 
Prickly   Ash    56 

Gooseberry  48 

Lettuce  90 

Rose  52 
Primrose  71 

Common  Evening  65 

Evening  65 

Family  71 

Sinuate-leaved  Even- 
ing 65 

Small-flowered    Even- 
ing 65 


118 


INDEX 


Primula  71 

Ragweed  85 

Ribes  48                                 ■ 

Primiilaceae  71 

Great  85 

Ribwort  81                             f 

Prince's  Featlier  35 

Ragwort   91 

Rice  Cut  Grass  13               1 

Pine  69 

Golden  91 

Black-fruited    Moun-        1 

Pringle's  Aster  86 

Raisin,  Wild  83 

tain  14                             1 

Prostrate  Amaranth  37  Ram's  Head  Lady's 

Indian  16 

Prunella  77 

Slipper  27 

Mountain  14 

Prunus   51 

Ramsted  79 

Slender  Mountain  14 

Psedera  60 

Ranunculaceae   40 

Water  16 

Pteris  3 

Ranunculus  42 

White-grained    Moun- 

Pterospora 70 

Raspberry,  Black  52 

tain  14 

Puccoon  74 

Dwarf  52 

Wild  16 

Yellow  42 

Purple  52 

Richweed  34 

Pulse  Family  53 

Purple  Flowering  52 

Ripple  Grass  81 

Purple  Avens  50 

Running  52 

River-bank  Grape  60 

Chokeberry  51 

Wild  Red  52 

River  Bulrush  22 

Clematis  41 

Rattlesnake  Fern  4 

Bobbin's   Squaw-weed  91 

Cliff  Brake  3 

Grass  13 

Robinia    55 

Flowering  Rasp- 

Plantain 28 

Robin's  Plantain  88 

berry  52 

Rattlesnake-root  90 

Rock  Brake  2 

Milkwort    57 

Rattlesnake-weed  90 

Cress  44 

Oat  13 

Recurved  Blackberry  52    Elm  34                                  | 

Raspberry  52 

Red  Ash  72 

Maple   59 

Rock   Cress    44 

Baneberry  40 

Sandwort  38 

Thorn  Apple  78 

Bearberry  69 

Selaginella  6 

Trillium  26 

Campion  39 

Shadbush   49 

Willow  30 

Cedar  6 

Rocket,  Yellow  45 

Purple-leaved  Willow- 

Chokeberry    51 

Rockrose  62 

herb  65 

Clover   55 

Family  62 

Purple-stemmed  As- 

Dewberry 52 

Roman  Wormwood  85 

ter  87 

Elm  34 

Rosa   52 

Purslane  40 

Fescue  12 

Rosaceae  49 

Common  40 

Maple  59 

Rose   52                                       ! 

Family  40 

Oak  33 

California  73 

Milk  57 

Pine  7 

Cinnamon  52 

Speedwell  80 

Spruce  7 

Family  49 

Water  65 

Top  10 

Mallow  61 

Pusley  40 

Red-berried  Elder  83 

Pasture  52 

Pussy's   Toes   85 

Red-osier  Dogwood  68 

Pogonia  29 

Pussy  Willow  30 

Red-root   60 

Prickly  52 

Pycnanthemum    77 

Smaller  60 

Smooth   52 

Pyrola  70 

Red-seeded   Dande- 

Swamp 52 

One-flowered  70 

lion  92 

Rosemary,  Bog  68 

Pyrus  51 

Reed  15 

Rosin-weed  91 

Queen  Anne's  Lace  67 

Bent  Grass  11 

Rough   Avens    50 

Queen  of  the  Meadow  I 

3     Canary  Grass  15 

Bedstraw   81 

Quercitron  33 

Meadow  Grass  13 

Cinquefoil  51 

Quercus    32 

Rein  Orchis  28 

Foxtail  Grass  16 

Quick   Grass   9 

Rhamnaceae  60 

Hawkweed  90 

Quitch  Grass  9 

Rhamnus  60 

Hedge  Nettle  77 

Rabbit-foot  Clover  55 

Rhododendron  70 

Sunflower  89 

Racemed  Milkwort  57 

Rhodora  70 

Round-headed  Anem- 

Radicula 46 

Rhus  58 

one  41 

Ragged  Fringed  Or- 

Rib Grass  81 

Round-leaved  Cornel  68 

chis  28 

Ribbon  Grass  15 

Dogwood   68 

i 

INDEX 


119 


Orchis  28 

Squaw-weed  91 

Sundew  47 

Violet  63 

Wintergreen  70 
Round-lobed   Liver- 
leaf  42 
Rowan  Tree  51 
Royal  Fern  4 
Rubiaceae  81 
Rubus  52 
Rudbeckia  90 


Sainfoin   54 

St.  John's-wort  61 

Common  62 

Family  61 

Great  61 

Marsh  62 

Pale  61 

Small-flowered   62 

Spotted   62 
Salicaceae  29 
Salix   30 
Salsola   37 


Rue,  Early  Meadow  43   Saltwort  37 


Family    56 
Meadow  43 
Spleenwort  2 
Tall  Meadow  43 

Rum  Cherry  51 

Rumex   36 


Sambucus  83 
Sandalwood  Family 
Sand-bar  Willow  30 
Sandbur  11 
Sand  Cherry  51 
Violet  62 


Running  Raspberry  52   Sandwort  38 
Swamp  Blackberry  52     Blunt-leaved  38 


Rush  24 

Beak  22 

Bog   24 

Brown  Beak  22 

Brownish-fruited  24 

Chair-maker's  22 

Club   22 

Common  Scouring  4 

Common  Wood  24 

Family   24 

Grass  16 

Hairy  Wood  24 

Jointed   24 

Knotted  24 

Scouring    5 

Sharp-fruited  24 

Slender  24 

Spike  21 

Toad   24 

White  Beak  22 

Wood  24 
Russian  Thistle  37 
Rusty  Woodsia  3 
Rutabaga  45 
Rutaceae  56 
Rye  16 

Grass  13 

Nodding  Wild  12 

Slender  Wild  12 

Wild   12 
Rynchospora  22 
Sage,  Flowering  76 

Wood  78 
Sagittaria  9 


Rock  38 

Thyme-leaved  38 
Sanguinaria  43 
Sanguisorba   53 
Sanicle  67 
Sanicula  67 
Santalaceae  34 
Sapindaceae  59 
Saponaria  39 
Sarracenia  47 
Sarraceniaceae   47 
Sarsaparilla,  Bristly 

Wild  66 
Satureja  77 
Savin   6 
Savory  77 

Summer  77 
Saxifraga  48 
Saxifragaceae  48 
Saxifrage  48 

Early  48 

Family  48 

Golden  48 

Swamp  48 
Scabious,  Sweet  88 
Scheuchzeria  9 
Scirpus   22 
Scoke,  Common  37 
Scorpion-grass  75 
Scouring  Rush   5 

Common  4 
Scrophularia  80 
Schrophulariaceae  79 
Scutellaria  77 


Secale    16 
Sedge  17 

Family   17 
Sedum  47 
Selaginella  6 

Rock  6 
Selaginellaceae  6 
Self-heal   77 
Seneca  Grass  13 

Snakeroot  57 
Senecio  91 
Sensitive  Fern  2 
Service  Bierry  49 
Sessile-leaved  Bell- 
34  wort  26 

Setaria  16 
Shad  Bush  49 
Shagbark  Hickory  31 
Sharp-fruited  Rush  24 
Sharp-lobed  Liver- 
leaf  41 
Sheep  Laurel  69 

Sorrel   36 
Sheepberry  83 
Sheep's  Fescue  12 
Shellbark  Hickory  31 
Shepherdia  64 
Shepherd's  Purse  45 
Shield  Fern  1 

Water  40 
Shin  Leaf  70 
Shining  Club  Moss  5 
66     Cy perns  21 

Willow  30 
Shore  Shad  Bush  49 

Horsetail  5 
Short-stalked   False 

Pimpernel  79 
Short-styled    Snake- 
root   67 
Showy  Lady's  Slip- 
per 27 

Orchis  29 

Tick  Trefoil  53 
Shrubby  Bitter-sweet  58 

Cinquefoil  51 
Sicyos   84 

Side-saddle  Flower  47 
Silene  39 
Silkweed  73 

Common   73 
Silky  Cornel  68 

Dogwood  68 

Willow   31 
Silphium  91 


120 


INDEX 


Silver  Maple  59  Waler  35 

Weed  50  Smilacina  26 

Silver-leaved  Poplar  29  Smilax    26 

Silvery  Cinquefoil  50      Smooth  Alder 
Spleenwort  2 

Sinuate-leaved  Even 
ing  Primrose  65 

Sisymbrium   46 


Sisyrinchium  27 
Slum    68 
Skullcap  77 

Mad-dog   77 

Marsh   77 

Small  77 
Skunk  Cabbage  23 
Sleepy  Catchfly  39 
Slender  Gerardia  79 

Ladies'  Tresses  29 

Mountain  Rice  14 

Muhlenbergia  14 

Nettle  34 

Rock  Brake  2 

Rush  24 

Vetch  55 

Wheat  Grass  9 

Wild  Rye  12 

Willow  30 

Wood  Reed  Grass  11 
Slippery   Elm   34 
Slough  Grass  16 
Small  Bedstraw  82 

Bitter  Cress  45 

Crab  Grass  12 

Cranberry  71 


32 
Rock  Cress  44 
Rose  52 
Sumach  58 
Yellow  Violet   63 
Smoother  Sweet  Cice- 
ly 67 
Snakehead  79 
Snake-mouth  29 


Speedwell   80 
Common  80 
Corn  80 
Marsh  80 
Purslane  80 
Thyme-leaved 
Spergula  39 
Sphenopholis    16 
Spice   Bush   43 
Spike  Rush   21 
Spikenard  66 
False  26 


80 


Snakeroot,  Black  41,  67  Spinulose  Shield  Fern  1 


Clustered  67 

Large-fruited   67 

Seneca  57 

Short-styled    67 

White  88 
Snowberry   83 

Creeping  69 

Garden  83 
Soapberry  Family  59 
Soapwort  39 
Solanaceae  78 
Solanum  78 
Solidago  91 
Solomon's  Seal  26 

False  26 

Small  26 

Star-flowered  26 

Three-leaved  26 

Two-leaved  25 
Sonchus  92 
Sorbaria  53 


Red  Morning  Glory  73Sorghastrum    16 
Skullcap  77  Sorrel   36 


Common  Wood  56 

Field   36 

Garden  36 

Lady's  56 

Sheep    36 

Wood  56 

Yellow  Wood  56 
Sour  Gum  68 
Sour-top  Blueberry  70 
Sow  Thistle  92 
Sparganiaceae  7 
Sparganium   7 
Spartina  16 
Spatter  Dock  40 
Spear  Grass  15 


Solomon's  Seal  26 
Sundrops  65 
White  Aster  87 
Whorled  Pogonia  29 
Wood  Orchis  28 
Yellow  Pond  Lily  40 
Smaller  Enchanter's 
Nightshade  64 
Purple  Fringed  Or- 
chis  28 
Red-root   60 
Yellow  Lady's  Slip- 
per 27 
Small-flowered    Crow- 
foot 42 
Evening  Primrose  65  Spearmint  76 
Gerardia  79  Spearwort,   Creeping  42Squirrel-tail   Grass   13 

St.  John's-wort  62        Speckled  Alder  31  Stachys  77 

Smartweed,  Common  35Specularia   84  Staff  Tree  58 


Spiny-leaved    Sow 

Thistle  92 
Spiraea  53 

Ash-leaved  53 
Spiranthes  29 
Spirodela   23 
Spleenwort  2 

Ebony  2 

Maidenhair  2 

Narrow-leaved  2 

Rue  2 

Silvery  2 
Sporobolus  16 
Spotted  Cowbane  66 

Dead  Nettle  76 

Medick  54 

Mint  76 

St.  John's-wort  62 

Touch-me-not  60 
Spreading  Dogbane  72 
Spring  Beauty  40 

Broad-leaved   40 
Spruce  6 

Black  6 

Bog   6 

Cat  6 

Red  7 

White  6 
Spurge   57 

Cypress    57 

Family  57 

Flowering  57 
Spurrey  39 

Corn  39 

Field  39 
Squaw-weed  91 

Robbin's   91 

Round-leaved   91 
Squirrel   Corn   44 


INDEX 


121 


Family  58 
Staghorn  Sumach  58 
Staphylea    59 
Staphyleaceae   59 
Star  Cucumber  84 

Flower  72 

Thistle  87 
Star-flowered    Solomon 

Seal   2G 
Starwort  39 

Lesser   39 

Water  57 
Steeple  Bush  53 
Steironema  71 
Stellaria  39 
Stemless  Lady's  Slip- 
per 27 
Stickseed  74 

European  74 
Stick-tight  87 
Stiff  Aster  86 

Club  Moss  5 

Gentian  72 

Water  Crowfoot  42 
Stitchwort,  Lesser  39 

Long-leaved  39 

Northern    39 
Stone  Clover  55 
Stonecrop    47 

Ditch    47 

Mossy   47 
Storksbill  56 

Musk    56 
Stout  Ragged  Golden- 
rod  92 
Stramonium  78 
Strawberry    50 

Barren  53 

Blite  37 

Tomato   78 

Wild  50 

Wood  50 
Straw-colored  Cy- 

perus    21 
Streptopus  26 
Striped  Maple  59 
Strong-scented  Era- 

grostis  12 
Succory  87 
Sugar  Maple   59 
Sugarberry    33 
Sumach    58 

Dwarf  58 

Poison   58 

Smooth  58 


Staghorn  58 
Sunmier  Grape  60 

Savory  77 
Sundew   47 

Family  47 

Long-leaved    47 

Round-leaved  47 
sSundrops,   Small   65 
Sunflower  89 

Common   89 

Pale-leaved  Wood  89 

Rough   89 

Thin-leaved    89 

Woodland  89 
Swamp   Beggar's- 
ticks  87 

Blueberry  70 

Buttercup  43 

Dewberry   52 

Dock   36 

Hickory  31 

Loosestrife  64 

Maple    59 

Milkweed  73 

Persicaria  35 

Pink   70 

Red   Currant   48 

Rose    52 

Saxifrage    48 

White  Oak  32 
Sweet  Alyssum  46 

Birch  32 

Cicely  67 

Clover  54 

Fern  31 

Flag  23 

Gale  31 

Gale   Family   31 

Scabious  88 

Vernal  Grass  10 

White  Violet  62 

William  38 

William  Catchfly  39 
Sweetbrier  52 
Sweet-scented    Bed- 
straw  82 

White  Water  Lily  40 
Sycamore  49 
Symphoricarpos  83 
Symphytum  75 
Symplocarpus  23 
Syringa   72 
Tacamahac  29 
Taenidia  68 
Tall  Anemone  41 


Blue  Lettuce  90 

Buttercup   42 

Cinquefoil   51 

Cone-flower  90 

Crowfoot  42 

Green  Orchis  28 

Hairy  Agrimony  49 

Hairy  Golden-rod  92 

Meadow  Rue  43 

Oat  Grass  10 

White  Aster  86 

White  Lettuce  90 

Wild  Nettle  34 

Wormwood  86 
Taller  Fescue  12 
Tamarack  6 
Tanacetum  92 
Tansy  92 

Common  92 
Tape  Grass  9 
Taraxacum  92 
Tare  55 

Tartarian  Honey- 
suckle 83 
Taxaceae  6 
Taxus   6 
Teaberry  69 
Tea,  Labrador  69 

Mexican   36 

New  Jersey  60 
Tear-thumb,   Arrow- 
leaved  36 

Halberd-leaved  35 
Tendril  Creeper  60 
Ternate  Grape  Fern  4 
Teucrium   78 
Thalictrum  43 
Thimbleberry  52 
Thimble-weed  90 
Thin  Grass  10 
Thin-leaved    Sun- 
flower 89 
Thistle,  Bull  88 

Canada  88 

Common  88 

Common  Sow  92 

Field  Sow  92 

Plumed  88 

Plumeless   87 

Russian  37 

Sow  92 

Spiny-leaved  Sow  92 

Star  87 
Thlaspi   47 
Thorn  Apple  78 


122 


INDEX 


White   49  Trillium  26 

Thorny  Amaranth  37         Nodding   26 
Thoroiighwort  88  Painted  26 

Three-leaved   Solomon's     Purple  26 
Seal  26  White  26 

Three-seeded  Mercury  57Triosteum  83 


Thuja  7 

Thyme,  Basil  77 
Thymelaeaceae  64 
Thyme-leaved  Sand- 
wort 38 

Speedwell    80 
Tiarella    48 
Tick  Trefoil  53 
Tiger  Lily  25 
Tilia   61 
Tiliaceae  61 
Timothy   15 
Tinker's  Weed  83 
Toad  Rush  24 
Toadflax  79 

Bastard  34 
Tobacco,  Indian  84 

Ladies'  85 
Tomatillo  78 
Tomato,  Husk  78 

Strawberry  78 
Toothache  Tree  56 
Toothed  Arrow-wood  83 
Toothwort  45 

Cut-leaved  45 

Large  45 

Two-leaved  45 
Touch-me-not  Family  60 

Pale  60 

Spotted  60 
Tower  Mustard  44 
Tragopogon   92 
Trailing  Arbutus  69 
Traveler's  Joy  41 
Treacle  Mustard  46 
Tree  Club  Moss  5 

Cranberry  83 

Nettle  33 

Plane  49 

Rowan  51 

Staff  58 

Toothache  56 
Trefoil  55 

Showy  Tick  53 

Tick   53 
Trembling  Poplar  30 
Trichostema  78 
Trientalis  72 
Trifolium   55 


Triple-awned  Grass  10 

Trisetum  16 

Triticum  16 

True  Forget-me-not  75 

Trumpet  Weed  88 

Tsuga  7 

Tuberous  White  Water 

Lily   40 
Tufted  Loosestrife  71 
Tumble  Mustard  46 

Weed  37 
Tupelo  68 
Turnip   45 

Indian  23 

Wild   23 
Turtlehead   79 
Tussilago  92 
Twayblade  28,  29 

Heart-leaved    29 

Large  28 
Twin-flower  82 
Twisted  Whitlow- 
grass  46 
Twisted-stalk   26 
Two-leaved    Miter- 
wort  48 

Pepper-root   45 

Solomon's  Seal  25 

Toothwort  45 
Typha  7 
Typhaceae    7 
Ulmus    34 
Umbelliferae  66 
Upright  Bindweed   73 

Goosefoot   37 
Urtica  34 
Urticaceae  33 
Utricularia  80 
Uvularia   26 
Vaccinium  70 
Valerian  84 

Family  84 
Valeriana    84 
Valerianaceae  84 
Vallisneria   9 
Vanilla  Grass  13 
Velvet  Leaf  61 


glass  84 
Veratrum  26 
Verbascum    80 
Verbena  75 
Verbenaceae    75 
Veronica   80 
Vervain  75 

Blue   75 

Family  75 

White  75 
Vetch    55 

Blue  55 

Common  55 

Milk  53 

Slender  55 
Vetchling  54 

Cream-colored   54 
Viburnum  83 
Vicia  55 
Vinca  73 
Vine,  Allegheny  44 

Common  Matri- 
mony 78 

Family  60 

Love    73 

Matrimony 
Viola  62 
Violaceae  62 
Violet  62 

Canada  62 

Dog  62 

Dog's-tooth 

Downy  Yellow  63 

Early  Yellow  63 

Family  62 

Lance-leaved   63 

Long-spurred   63 

Marsh  Blue  62 

Round-leaved  63 

Sand    62 

Smooth  Yellow  63 

Sweet  White   62 

White   63 

Woolly  Blue  63 
Viper's   Bugloss   74 
Virginia  Creeper  60' 

Chain  Fern  3 
Virginian  Cowslip  75 
Virgin's  Bower  41 
Vitaceae  60 
Vitis  60 
Wake  Robin  26 
Waldsteinia  53 


78 


25 


Velvet-leaf   Blueberry  70Walking  Leaf  2 
Venus's  Looking-  Walnut  31 


INDEX 


123 


Family  31 

White  31 
Wartweed  57 
Water  Arum  23 

Avens  50 

Beech  32 

Cress    46 

Hemlock  &6 

Hemp  37 

Horehound  76 

Lily   40 

Lily  Family  40 

Marigold   87 

Milfoil  65 

Milfoil  Family  65 

Nymph  40 

Oats  16 

Parsnip  68 

Pennywort   67 

Pepper  35 

Plantain  9 

Plantain  Family  9 

Purslane   65 

Rice  16 

Shield  40 

Smartweed    35 

Star  Grass  24 

Starwort  57 

Starwort  Family  57 

Willow  64 
Waterleaf  74 

Family    74 
Water-weed  9 
Wavy-leaved    Aster    87 
Waxwork   58 
Weak  Spear  Grass  15 
Weed,  Bugle  75,  76 

Carpet  38 

Cut-leaved  Bugle  76 

Jamestown  78 

Jimson  78 

Joe  Pye  88 

Silver   50 

Tinker's  83 

Trumpet  88 

Tumble  37 
Wheat  16 

Cow    79 
W^hite  Ash  72 

Avens   50 

Baneberry   40 

Beak  Rush  22 

Bent  Grass  10 

Birch   32 

Bog  Orchis  28 


Campion   38 

Cedar   7 

Clover  55 

Daisy  87 

Elm    34 

Fringed  Orchis  28 

Golden-rod   91 

Grass   13 

Lettuce  90 

Maple    59 

Melilot    54 

Mulberry  33 

Oak  32 

Pine  7 

Poplar  29 

Snakeroot  88 

Spruce   6 

Sweet  Clover  54 

Thorn  49 

Trillium    26 

Vervain  75 

Violet  63 

Walnut   31 

Willow  30 

Wood  Aster  86 
White-grained  Moun- 
tain Rice  14 
White-heart  Hickory 
Whiteweed  87 
Whitlow-grass    46 

Twisted  46 
Whorled  Loosestrife 

Mallow  61 

Mint   76 

Pogonia   29 
Wicky    69 
Wicopy   64 
Wild   Allspice   43 

Balsam-apple   84 

Bean   53 

Bergamot  76 

Black  Cherry  51 

Black  Currant  48 

Broom   Corn    15 

Calla  23 

Carrot  67 

Chamomile  90 

Chess  11 

Clematis  41 

Coffee  83 

Columbine  41 

Comfrey   74 

Cranesbill  56 

Cucumber  84 

Elder  66 


Ginger  34 

Iris   27 

Leek   25 

Lettuce  90 

Lily  of  the  Valley  25 

Liquorice   82 

Lupine  54 

Madder    82 

Mint  76 

Morning  Glory  73 

Oat  Grass  11 

Orange-red  Lily  25 

Parsnip  G7 

Peppergrass  46 

Plum   51 

Raisin   83 

Red    Cherry    51 

Red  Raspberry  52 

Rice  16 

Rye  12 

Sarsaparilla  66 

Strawberry    50 

Turnip  23 

Yellow  Lily  25 
Willow   30 

Beaked  30 

Black  30 
31      Bog    30 

Crack  30 

Family   29 

Glaucous   30 
71      Heart-leaved    30 

Prairie  30 

Purple  30 

Pussy  30 

Sand-bar   30 

Shining  30 

Silky  30 

Slender  30 

Water    64 

White  30 
Willow-herb  64 

Great  65 

Northern  64 

Purple-leaved  65 
Wind  Flower  41 
Winter   Cress   44 
Winterberry  58 
Wintergreen  70 

Aromatic    69 

Bog    70 

Chickweed  72 

Flowering  57 

Greenish-flowered  70 

One-sided  70 


124 


INDEX 


Round-leaved  70 
Wire  Grass  15 
Witch    Hobble    83 
Witch-hazel    49 

Family  49 
Withe-rod  83 
Wood  Anemone  41 

Betony  79 

Chess  11 

Fern    1 

Grass  16 

Horsetail   5 

Lily  25 

Nettle  33 

Reed   Grass   11 

Rush  24 

Sage   78 

Sorrel  56 

Sorrel  Family  56 

Strawberry    50 
Woodbine  60 
Woodland  Agrimony 

Sunflower  89 
Woodsia  3 


49 


Blunt-lobed  3 

Rusty  3 
Woodwardia  3 
Wool   Grass  22 
Woolly  Blue  Violet  03 

Sweet  Cicely  67 
Worm-seed  Mustard  46 
Wormwood  86 

Roman  85 

Tall  86 
Xanthium  93 
Yarrow  85 

Common   85 
Yellow  Adder's 
Tongue  25 

Avens  50 

Bartonia  72 

Birch   32 

Clintonia  25 

Clover  55 

Cress  46 

Daisy   90 

Dock  36 


Foxtail  16 

Iris  27 

Melilot  54 

Myrtle  71 

Nut  Grass  21 

Oak  33 

Pimpernel  68 

Pond  Lily  40 

Puccoon  42 

Rocket  45 

Sweet  Clover  54 

Water  Crowfoot  42 

Wood  Sorrel  56 
Yellow-barked  Oak  33 
Yew  6 

American  6 

Family  6 
Zanthoxylum  56 
Zea   16 
Zig-zag  Clover  55 

Golden-rod  91 
Zizania  16 
Zizia  es 


i 


■^3 


^>hr     N.  MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA 


